Brazil

Choose update to view

Overall rating: Highly insufficient

Policies & actions: Insufficient; < 3°C World

Internationally supported target: Highly insufficient; < 4°C World

Fair share target: Critically insufficient; 4°C+ World

Climate finance: Not applicable

Net zero target: year
2050; Comprehensiveness not rated as
Information incomplete

Land use & forestry: historically considered a
Source

List of references

ANP. (2020). Dados estatísticos: Vendas de derivados de petróleo e etanol. Retrieved from http://www.anp.gov.br/dados-estatisticos
Azevedo-Ramos, C., Moutinho, P., Laísa, V., Arruda, S., Stabile, M. C. C., Alencar, A., … Ribeiro, P. (2020). Lawless land in no man’s land: The undesignated public forests in the Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Policy, 99, 104863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104863
Berk, C., & Barros, S. (2017). Brazil - Biofuels Annual. Global Agricultural Information Network Report, (March), 1–29.
Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency - ANEEL. (2019). Energy Auction fromNew Power Generation Projects(A-6 of 2019).
Climate Policy Initiative. (2019a). Amendments to a provisional measure threaten the implementation of Brazil’s new Forest Code. Retrieved from https://climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/amendments-of-a-provisional-measure-threaten-the-implementation-of-brazils-new-forest-code/
Climate Policy Initiative. (2019b). Decreto no 9.760/2019 altera regras de conversão de multa ambiental em prestação de serviços ambientais - CPI. Retrieved from https://climatepolicyinitiative.org/publication/decreto-no-9-760-2019-altera-regras-de-conversao-de-multa-ambiental-em-prestacao-de-servicos-ambientais/
Conselho nacional de política energética. (2018). Resolução No5, de Junho de 2018, 2018–2019.
FAOSTAT. (2017). FAOSTAT statistical databases. Updated 28 September, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Gazeta do Povo. (2018, October 4). Qual a influência da bancada ruralista no Congresso. Retrieved from https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/eleicoes/2018/veja-a-influencia-da-bancada-ruralista-no-congresso-nacional-4hs1cslz7sdc37o2875pzc4mq
Government of Brazil. (2020). Brazil’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Retrieved from https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Brazil First/Brazil First NDC (Updated submission).pdf
IEA. (2019). World Energy Outlook 2019. https://doi.org/10.1049/ep.1977.0180
IMAZON. (2020). Nota técnica sobreMedida Provisória n.o 910/2019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1e24
IMF. (2020). World Economic Outlook Update, June 2020. Washington, D.C., United States: IMF.
Imprensa Nacional. (2020). INSTRUÇÃO NORMATIVA No 9, DE 16 DE ABRIL DE 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/instrucao-normativa-n-9-de-16-de-abril-de-2020-253343033
INPE-EM. (2020). INPE Emission Module: Land cover changes greenhouse gases. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from http://inpe-em.ccst.inpe.br/en/home/
INPE. (2020). TerraBrasilis PRODES (deforestation). Retrieved August 3, 2020, from http://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/app/dashboard/deforestation/biomes/legal_amazon/rates
Ministério da Ciência Tecnologia Inovações e Comunicações Brasil. (2017). Contribuição do MCTIC para a elaboração da estratégia de implementação da Contribuição Nacionalmente Determinada do Brasil ao Acordo de Paris (Vol. 5).
Ministério de Minas e Energia. (2019). Relatórios EPE - Estudos Complementares. Retrieved from http://www.mme.gov.br/web/guest/publicacoes-e-indicadores/relatorio-do-pne-2050?_20_folderId=117707623&_20_displayStyle=descriptive&_20_viewEntries=1&_20_viewFolders=1&_20_struts_action=%2Fdocument_library%2Fview&_20_action=browseFolder&_20_entryEnd=50&_2
Ministerio de Minas e Energia. (2018). Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2027. Ministerio de Minas e Energia.
Ministério de Minas e Energia – MME. (2019). Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2029 (PDE 2029). Retrieved from http://www.mme.gov.br/web/guest/consultas-publicas?p_p_id=consultapublicaexterna_WAR_consultapublicaportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_consultapublicaexterna_WAR_consultapublicaportlet_consultaId=87
Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation of Brazil. (2016a). Executive Summary - Third National Communication of Brazil to the UNFCCC. Brasilia, Brazil: Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation.
Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation of Brazil. (2016b). Volume III - Third National Communication of Brazil to the UNFCCC (Vol. III). Brasilia, Brazil: Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation.
Ministry of Science Technology and Innovations and Communications. (2019). BRAZIL’S THIRD BIENNIAL UPDATE REPORT TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE.
Mongabay. (2019). In surprise move, Brazil has removed restrictions on Amazon sugarcane production. Mongabay. Retrieved from https://news.mongabay.com/2019/11/in-a-surprise-move-even-to-the-sugarcane-industry-president-bolsonaro-has-removed-restrictions-on-sugarcane-production-in-the-brazilian-amazon-experts-expect-land-speculators-to-benefit/
Mongabay. (2020a). Brazil’s past finance ministers defend environment against Bolsonaro. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://news.mongabay.com/2020/07/brazils-past-finance-ministers-defend-environment-against-bolsonaro/
Mongabay. (2020b). Brazil drastically reduces controls over suspicious Amazon timber exports. Retrieved August 3, 2020, from https://news.mongabay.com/2020/03/brazil-drastically-reduces-controls-over-suspicious-amazon-timber-exports/
Mongabay. (2020c). International investors urge Brazil to take real action to stop deforestation. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://news.mongabay.com/2020/07/international-investors-urge-brazil-to-take-real-action-to-stop-deforestation/
Observatório do Clima. (2018, August 9). Emissões do Brasil não justificam otimismo com meta de 2020. Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/emissoes-brasil-nao-justificam-otimismo-com-meta-de-2020/
Observatório do Clima. (2019a). Forest Facts: myths about land use in Brazil, debunked. Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pX9s_eznvpY
Observatório do Clima. (2019b). Is Brazil on its way to meet its climate targets? Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Is-Brazil-on-the-way-to-meet-its-climate-targets_-1.pdf
Observatório do Clima. (2019c). SEEG - System Gas Emissions Estimation. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from http://plataforma.seeg.eco.br/
Observatório do Clima. (2019d, April 12). Bolsonaro inaugura era da multa zero. Retrieved May 3, 2019, from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/bolsonaro-multa-zero/
Observatório do Clima. (2019e, April 12). Revogaço reafirma incompetência de Bolsonaro e pode dar prejuízo ao país. Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/revogaco-pode-dar-prejuizo-ao-pais/
Observatório do Clima. (2019f, August 29). Brasil perdeu 2,5 Alemanhas em florestas em 33 anos. Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/brasil-perdeu-25-alemanhas-em-florestas-em-34-anos/
Observatório do Clima. (2020a). How threatened is the environment under the bolsonaro administration, so far? A brief context about environmental policy in brazil, sixteen months into the bolsonaro administration. Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Doc-Response-OC2.pdf
Observatório do Clima. (2020b). Um dia depois de reunião com investidores, alertas de desmatamento têm novo pico. Retrieved August 2, 2020, from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/um-dia-depois-de-reuniao-com-investidores-alertas-de-desmatamento-tem-novo-pico/
OECD. (2020). Real GDP forecast - OECD Data. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://data.oecd.org/gdp/real-gdp-forecast.htm
Presidência da República. (2010). Decreto no 7.390 de 9 de dezembro de 2010, 16–20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-73301999000300018
PV Magazine. (2019, October 21). Average solar power price in Brazilian A-6 auction reaches $20.52/MWh – pv magazine International. Retrieved from https://www.pv-magazine.com/2019/10/21/average-bids-for-solar-in-brazils-a-6-auction-reaches-20-52-mwh/
Rajão, B. R., Soares-filho, B., Nunes, F., Börner, J., Machado, L., Assis, D., … Gibbs, H. (2020). The rotten apples of Brazil’s agribusiness, 0–3.
REDD and Policy Assessment Centre. (2015). Modelling land use changes in Brazil 2000-2050.
Reuters. (2020). Fires in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest surge in July, worst in recent days. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-environment-idUSKBN24X3SW
Rochedo, P. R. R., Soares-Filho, B., Schaeffer, R., Viola, E., Szklo, A., Lucena, A. F. P., … Rathmann, R. (2018). The threat of political bargaining to climate mitigation in Brazil. Nature Climate Change, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0213-y
SEEG. (2020). Impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 nas emissoes de gases de efeito estufa no Brasil. Retrieved from https://seeg-br.s3.amazonaws.com/OC_nota_tecnica_FINAL.pdf
Soterroni, A. C., Mosnier, A., Carvalho, A. X. Y., Câmara, G., Obersteiner, M., Andrade, P. R., … Ramos, F. M. (2018). Future environmental and agricultural impacts of Brazil’s Forest Code. Environmental Research Letters, 13(7), 074021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaccbb
Spring, J., & Paraguassu, L. (2021). Brazil’s Bolsonaro, under U.S. pressure, vows climate neutrality by 2050. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/bolsonaro-says-brazil-will-reach-climate-neutrality-by-2050-2021-04-22/
Stabile, M. C. C., Guimarães, A. L., Silva, D. S., Ribeiro, V., Macedo, M. N., Coe, M. T., … Alencar, A. (2020). Solving Brazil’s land use puzzle: Increasing production and slowing Amazon deforestation. Land Use Policy, 91, 104362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104362
The New York Times. (2019, January 2). Jair Bolsonaro, on Day 1, Undermines Indigenous Brazilians’ Rights. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/world/americas/brazil-bolsonaro-president-indigenous-lands.html
The World Bank. (2017). World Development Indicators. The World Bank Group. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2019). Global Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections & Mitigation Potential: 2015-2050. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/global-mitigation-non-co2-greenhouse-gases/global-non-co2-greenhouse-gas-emission-projections
Unearthed. (2020). Bolsonaro sends army to the Amazon and undermines environmental regulators - Unearthed. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2020/06/24/bolsonaro-sends-army-to-the-amazon-and-undermines-environmental-regulators/?utm_campaign=Carbon Brief Daily Briefing&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue newsletter
Vivid Economics. (2020). Green Stimulus Index - June 2020 Update.
World Bank. (2020a). COVID-19 in Brazil: impacts and policy responses.
World Bank. (2020b). Global Economic Prospects (June 2020). Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33748