United Kingdom

Abbott, J. P. (2024). Preparing for a faster, more efficient electricity connections process. Ofgem. https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/blog/preparing-faster-more-efficient-electricity-connections-process

Abdulla, A., Hanna, R., Schell, K. R., Babacan, O., & Victor, D. G. (2020). Explaining successful and failed investments in U.S. carbon capture and storage using empirical and expert assessments. Environmental Research Letters, 16(1), 014036–014036. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ABD19E

Aldersgate Group. (2025). Next Steps for UK Industrial Decarbonisation Policy in 2025. https://www.aldersgategroup.org.uk/publications/post/8675/

Archer-Brown, E., Boardman, B., & Rosenow. (2025). A home insulation fiasco has left tens of thousands in cold and leaky homes over winter. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/a-home-insulation-fiasco-has-left-tens-of-thousands-in-cold-and-leaky-homes-over-winter-268002

BBC News. (2025). What are heat pumps and how much do they cost? https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8xgdv9e007o

BEIS & DESNZ. (2023). Final UK greenhouse gas emissions national statistics: 1990 to 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/final-uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-national-statistics-1990-to-2021

Beuret, N. (2025). Port Talbot, one year on: Steelworks closure shows why public is losing trust in net zero. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/port-talbot-one-year-on-steelworks-closure-shows-why-public-is-losing-trust-in-net-zero-265906

Bolton, P. (2025). Gas and electricity prices during the ‘energy crisis’ and beyond. UK Parliament. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9714/

BRE Group. (2022). Decarbonising heat in Britain’s buildings. https://bregroup.com/documents/d/bre-group/bre_decarbonising-heat-in-britain-s-buildings-report-dec-2022-pdf

CCC. (2020). The Sixth Carbon Budget: The UK’s path to Net Zero. https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/The-Sixth-Carbon-Budget-The-UKs-path-to-Net-Zero.pdf

CCC. (2023a). 2023 Progress Report to Parliament. https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/2023-progress-report-to-parliament/

CCC. (2023b). Delivering a reliable decarbonised power system. https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/delivering-a-reliable-decarbonised-power-system/

CCC. (2024). Progress in reducing emissions: 2024 Report to Parliament. www.theccc.org.uk/publications

CCC. (2025a). Progress in reducing emissions – 2025 report to Parliament: Executive summary. https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/progress-in-reducing-emissions-2025-report-to-parliament/#progress-in-reducing-emissions-2025-report-to-parliament

CCC. (2025b). Progress in reducing emissions: 2025 report to Parliament. https://www.theccc.org.uk/publications/

CCC. (2025c). The Seventh Carbon Budget: Advice for the UK Government. https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/the-seventh-carbon-budget/

Chapman, A. (2025). Introducing: The ultra-frequent flyer. New Economics Foundation. https://neweconomics.org/2025/06/introducing-the-ultra-frequent-flyer

Chapman, A., Murray, L., Carpenter, G., & Heisse, C. (2021). A Frequent Flyer Levy: Sharing Aviation’s Carbon Budget in a Net Zero World. New Economics Foundation. https://neweconomics.org/2021/07/a-frequent-flyer-levy

Climate Action Tracker. (2023). Clean electricity within a generation: Paris-aligned benchmarks for the power sector. https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/1159/CAT_2023-09-19_Briefing_ParisBenchmarks_PowerSector.pdf

Climate Analytics. (2025). 1.5°C National Pathway Explorer: United Kingdom. https://1p5ndc-pathways.climateanalytics.org/countries/united-kingdom/

Committee of Public Accounts. (2025). Public charge points for electric vehicles. https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/127/public-accounts-committee/news/205741/electric-vehicles-govt-must-overcome-delays-for-charging-network-rollout-to-succeed/

Deans, D., & Glyn-Jones, T. (2025). Tata promises electric arc by 2027 as work begins. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crl0176kz6po

Department for Transport. (2022). Jet Zero strategy: Delivering net zero aviation by 2050. UK Department of Transport. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/jet-zero-strategy-delivering-net-zero-aviation-by-2050

Department for Transport. (2025a). Monthly total number of electric vehicle public charging devices available in the UK, 1 October 2025. UK Government.

Department for Transport. (2025b). Phasing out sales of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030 and supporting the ZEV transition: Summary of responses and joint government response. UK Government. https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/phasing-out-sales-of-new-petrol-and-diesel-cars-from-2030-and-supporting-the-zev-transition/outcome/phasing-out-sales-of-new-petrol-and-diesel-cars-from-2030-and-supporting-the-zev-transition-summary-of-responses-and-joint-government-response#ministerial-foreword

DESNZ. (2025a). 2023 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Final Figures. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/final-uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-statistics-1990-to-2023

DESNZ. (2025b). 2023 UK greenhouse gas emissions: Final figures—End user data tables. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/final-uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-statistics-1990-to-2023

DESNZ. (2025c). 2024 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Provisional Figures. UK Government. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/provisional-uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-statistics-2024

DESNZ. (2025d). Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES): Energy. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-chapter-1-digest-of-united-kingdom-energy-statistics-dukes

DESNZ. (2025e). Final UK greenhouse gas emissions statistics: 1990 to 2023. UK Government. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/final-uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-statistics-1990-to-2023

Dunne, D. (2024). Analysis: UK could approve 13 new oil and gas projects despite North Sea pledge—Carbon Brief. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-uk-could-approve-13-new-oil-and-gas-projects-despite-north-sea-pledge/

E3G. (2023). Carbon capture and storage ladder. https://www.e3g.org/publications/carbon-capture-and-storage-ladder/

Ember. (2022). A path out of the UK gas crisis | Ember. https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/uk-gas-power-phase-out/

Ember. (2025). Electricity Data Explorer. https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/

European Heat Pump Association. (2025). Market data. https://ehpa.org/market-data/

Evans, S., & Lempriere, M. (2024). Analysis: How the UK plans to reach clean power by 2030. Carbon Brief. https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-the-uk-plans-to-reach-clean-power-by-2030/

Evans, S., & Lempriere, M. (2025). Factcheck: Why expensive gas – not net-zero – is keeping UK electricity prices so high. Carbon Brief. https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-why-expensive-gas-not-net-zero-is-keeping-uk-electricity-prices-so-high/

Forest Research. (2024). Forestry Statistics 2024. https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/tools-and-resources/statistics/publications/forestry-statistics/forestry-statistics-2024/

Galpin, C. (2025). Heat pumps have the potential to halve UK heating bills. E3G. https://www.e3g.org/publications/heat-pumps-could-have-potential-to-halve-uk-heating-bills/

Government of the UK. (2022). UK’s Nationally Determined Contribution – updated September 2022. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1106145/NDC_ICTU_MASTER_VERSION_20PT_tables.pdf

Grant, N., Hawkes, A., Mittal, S., & Gambhir, A. (2021). The policy implications of an uncertain carbon dioxide removal potential. Joule, 5(10), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.004

Hardy, L., & Benton, D. (2022). The Global Methane Pledge: How the UK can meet its commitment. Green Alliance.

Healy, H. (2024). How fossil fuel money stalled Britain’s commitment to net zero. Heinrich Böll Stiftung. https://eu.boell.org/en/2024/02/12/fossil-fuels-uk-net-zero

Horton, H. (2025a). Burning on England’s deep peat banned. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/sep/09/burning-on-englands-deep-peat-banned

Horton, H. (2025b). UK government scraps plan to ban sale of gas boilers by 2035. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/06/uk-government-scraps-plan-to-ban-sale-of-gas-boilers-by-2035

Hutton, G. (2025). Sustainable Aviation Fuel Bill 2024-25. UK Parliament. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-10279/

Independent Commission for Aid Impact. (2024). UK aid’s international climate finance commitments. https://icai.independent.gov.uk/review/uk-aids-international-climate-finance-commitments/review/

Innovation News Network. (2023). UK has some of the least energy-efficient homes in Europe. https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/uk-has-some-of-the-least-energy-efficient-homes-in-europe/28434/

International Carbon Action Partnership. (2025). EU and UK commit to linking emissions trading systems in landmark cooperation agreement. https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/news/eu-and-uk-commit-linking-emissions-trading-systems-landmark-cooperation-agreement

International Court of Justice. (2025). Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change. https://www.icj-cij.org/case/187

Johnson, T. (2025). Government given six more months for new action plan to meet UK’s carbon budget. New Civil Engineer. https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/government-given-six-more-months-for-new-action-plan-to-meet-uks-carbon-budget-26-03-2025/

Lee, D. S., Fahey, D. W., Skowron, A., Allen, M. R., Burkhardt, U., Chen, Q., Doherty, S. J., Freeman, S., Forster, P. M., Fuglestvedt, J., Gettelman, A., De León, R. R., Lim, L. L., Lund, M. T., Millar, R. J., Owen, B., Penner, J. E., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J., … Wilcox, L. J. (2021). The contribution of global aviation to anthropogenic climate forcing for 2000 to 2018. Atmospheric Environment, 244, 117834–117834.

Lempriere, M. (2024). UK election 2024: What the manifestos say on energy and climate change—Carbon Brief. https://www.carbonbrief.org/uk-election-2024-what-the-manifestos-say-on-energy-and-climate-change/

Loft, P., & Brien, P. (2025). UK to reduce aid to 0.3% of gross national income from 2027. UK Parliament.

Martin, C. (2025). EV charger installations no longer require planning permission. Autocar. https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/electric-cars/ev-charger-installations-no-longer-require-planning-permission

McCool, M. (2025). New emissions guidance for oil and gas projects. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c994v5dy3p0o

Merrick, R. (2021). Boris Johnson’s £11.6bn climate fund to be swiped from aid budget. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/climate-fund-boris-johnson-aid-cop26-b1877116.html

NESO. (2024). Our Clean Power 2030 advice to Government. https://www.neso.energy/news/our-clean-power-2030-advice-government

Ofgem. (2025). Decision on Connections Reform Package (TM04+). https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/decision/decision-connections-reform-package-tm04

Oil and Gas Authority. (2023). Publication of decision of the Secretary of State and the Oil and Gas Authority. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/talbot-field-development

Pachauri, S., Pelz, S., Bertram, C., Kreibiehl, S., Rao, N. D., Sokona, Y., & Riahi, K. (2022). Fairness considerations in global mitigation investments. Science, 378(6624), 1057–1059. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.ADF0067/SUPPL_FILE/SCIENCE.ADF0067_SM.PDF

Roberts, G. (2025). Electric van transition looks ‘doomed for failure’ without new approach. Fleet News. https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/electric-van-transition-looks-doomed-for-failure-without-new-approach

Rosales Calderon, O., Tao, L., Abdullah, Z., Moriarty, K., Smolinski, S., Milbrandt, A., Talmadge, M., Bhatt, A., Zhang, Y., Ravi, V., Skangos, C., Tan, E., & Payne, C. (2024). Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) State-of-Industry Report: State of SAF Production Process (p. NREL/TP--5100-87802, 2426562, MainId:88577). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.2172/2426562

Selvaraju, S., & Nick, R. (2024). Negotiating the social contract for net zero: Port Talbot, steel and the just transition. Just Transition Finance Lab.

Sissons, A., Shepheard, M., Kavan, M., Lucas, E., & Lewis, D. (2025). How to make electricity cheaper. Nesta. https://www.nesta.org.uk/report/how-to-make-electricity-cheaper/

Stewart, C., Piernas, C., Cook, B., & Jebb, S. A. (2021). Trends in UK meat consumption: Analysis of data from years 1–11 (2008–09 to 2018–19) of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(10), e699–e708. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00228-X

Stone, E. (2025). Weak UK lobbying laws let fossil fuel giants influence climate policies. OpenDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/dark-money-investigations/weak-uk-lobbying-laws-let-fossil-fuel-giants-influence-climate-policies/

The MCS Foundation. (2024). Future Homes Savings: Modelling the Running Costs of New Homes with Renewables.

Thomas, A. (2022). Liz Truss to announce dozens of new North Sea licences: Report. Energy Voice. https://www.energyvoice.com/oilandgas/north-sea/442828/liz-truss-north-sea-energy-support/

Tidman, Z. (2022). UK government approves new oil and gas field weeks after COP26 | The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/oil-gas-field-cop26-climate-b2005123.html

Transport & Environment. (2024). Jet fuel duty and possible revenues from 2023. https://www.transportenvironment.org/te-united-kingdom/articles/jet-fuel-duty-how-much-revenue-could-have-been-raised-if-fuel-duty-was-applied-in-2023

Tyers, R., Burnett, N., Stewart, I., & Hinson, S. (2025). Aviation and climate change. UK Parliament. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8826/

UK Department for Transport. (2024). Supporting the transition to Jet Zero: Creating the UK SAF Mandate. Department for Trans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/668e3f6a7541f54efe51bd52/dft-supporting-transition-jet-zero-creating-uk-saf-mandate.pdf

UK Government. (2019a). UK aid to double efforts to tackle climate change. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-aid-to-double-efforts-to-tackle-climate-change

UK Government. (2019b). UK becomes first major economy to pass net zero emissions law. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-becomes-first-major-economy-to-pass-net-zero-emissions-law

UK Government. (2021a). Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener (Nos. 978-1-5286-2938–6; Issue October, pp. 368–368). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy

UK Government. (2021b, April 7). Industrial decarbonisation strategy. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-decarbonisation-strategy

UK Government. (2022). Government food strategy. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/government-food-strategy/government-food-strategy

UK Government. (2023a). Energy Security Bill factsheet: Low-carbon heat scheme. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-security-bill-factsheets/energy-security-bill-factsheet-low-carbon-heat-scheme

UK Government. (2023b). Powering Up Britain: Energy Security Plan (Nos. 978-1-5286-4018–3). www.gov.uk/official-documents.

UK Government. (2024a). Clean Power 2030 Action Plan: A new era of clean electricity. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/clean-power-2030-action-plan

UK Government. (2024b). Contracts for Difference (CfD) Allocation Round 6: Results. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/contracts-for-difference-cfd-allocation-round-6-results

UK Government. (2024c). Government reignites industrial heartlands 10 days out from the International Investment Summit—GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-reignites-industrial-heartlands-10-days-out-from-the-international-investment-summit

UK Government. (2024d). Help to save households money and deliver cleaner heat to homes. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/help-to-save-households-money-and-deliver-cleaner-heat-to-homes

UK Government. (2024e). Policy statement on onshore wind. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/policy-statement-on-onshore-wind/policy-statement-on-onshore-wind

UK Government. (2025a). A UK government food strategy for England, considering the wider UK food system. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/a-uk-government-food-strategy-for-england/a-uk-government-food-strategy-for-england-considering-the-wider-uk-food-system#introduction

UK Government. (2025b). Burning banned on England’s deep peat to protect wildlife. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/burning-banned-on-englands-deep-peat-to-protect-wildlife

UK Government. (2025c). Guide to the Planning and Infrastructure Bill. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-planning-and-infrastructure-bill/guide-to-the-planning-and-infrastructure-bill

UK Government. (2025d). Solar Roadmap: United Kingdom Powered by Solar. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/685d6e483e6b7941f4e00afb/35.87_DESNZ_UK_Solar_Roadmap_final.pdf

UK Government. (2025e). The UK’s Modern Industrial Strategy. https://www.gov.uk/government/topical-events/the-uks-modern-industrial-strategy

UK Government. (2025f). The UK’s Modern Industrial Strategy: Clean Energy Industries Sector Plan. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/clean-energy-industries-sector-plan

UNFCCC. (2011). Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010.

WasteManaged. (2025). Food Waste – 2025 Facts & Statistics. https://www.wastemanaged.co.uk/our-news/food-waste/food-waste-facts-statistics/

Woodland Trust. (2025). State of the UK’s Woods and Trees 2025. https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/state-of-uk-woods-and-trees/