EU

Choose update to view

Critically Insufficient4°C+ World

NDCs with this rating fall well outside of a country’s “fair share” range and are not at all consistent with holding warming to below 2°C let alone with the Paris Agreement’s stronger 1.5°C limit. If all government NDCs were in this range, warming would exceed 4°C.

Highly insufficient< 4°C World

NDCs with this rating fall outside of a country’s “fair share” range and are not at all consistent with holding warming to below 2°C let alone with the Paris Agreement’s stronger 1.5°C limit. If all government NDCs were in this range, warming would reach between 3°C and 4°C.

Insufficient< 3°C World

NDCs with this rating are in the least stringent part of a country’s “fair share” range and not consistent with holding warming below 2°C let alone with the Paris Agreement’s stronger 1.5°C limit. If all government NDCs were in this range, warming would reach over 2°C and up to 3°C.

2°C Compatible< 2°C World

NDCs with this rating are consistent with the 2009 Copenhagen 2°C goal and therefore fall within a country’s “fair share” range, but are not fully consistent with the Paris Agreement long term temperature goal. If all government NDCs were in this range, warming could be held below, but not well below, 2°C and still be too high to be consistent with the Paris Agreement 1.5°C limit.

1.5°C Paris Agreement Compatible< 1.5°C World

This rating indicates that a government’s NDCs in the most stringent part of its “fair share” range: it is consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C limit.

Role model<< 1.5°C World

This rating indicates that a government’s NDC is more ambitious than what is considered a “fair” contribution: it is more than consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C limit.

List of references

ACEA. (2019a). Fuel types of new cars: diesel -17.9%, petrol +3.3%, electric +40.0% in first quarter of 2019 | ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. Retrieved May 14, 2019, from https://www.acea.be/press-releases/article/fuel-types-of-new-cars-diesel-17.9-petrol-3.3-electric-40.0-in-first-quarte
ACEA. (2019b). Fuel types of new cars: diesel -23.6%, electric +33.1% in fourth quarter of 2018 | ACEA - European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. Retrieved May 7, 2019, from https://www.acea.be/press-releases/article/fuel-types-of-new-cars-diesel-23.6-electric-33.1-in-fourth-quarter-of-2018
Agora Energiewende and Sandbag. (2019). The European Power Sector in 2018. Up-to-date analysis on the electricity transition. Retrieved from www.sandbag.org.uk%0Awww.agora-energiewende.de
Beta, F. (2019). France sets 2050 carbon-neutral target with new law. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-energy/france-sets-2050-carbon-neutral-target-with-new-law-idUSKCN1TS30B
C40 Cities. (2018). Cities in the EU, engines of an ambitious European long-term strategy.
Cambridge Econometrics. (2019). Analysis of UK’s 2025 ban on gas and oil heating systems highlights the need for additional policy intervention.
CAT. (2016). The ten most important short-term steps to limit warming to 1.5°C.
CLEW. (2019). German environment minister open to Belgian aviation tax proposal. Retrieved from https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/german-environment-minister-open-belgian-aviation-tax-proposal
Climact & New Climate Institute. (2018). The EU can increase its climate targets to be in line with a global 1.5°C target.
Climate Action Tracker. (2016a). The road ahead : how do we move to cleaner car fleets? Retrieved from http://climateactiontracker.org/assets/publications/briefing_papers/CAT_Decarb_Transport.pdf
Climate Action Tracker. (2016b). The ten most important short-term steps to limit warming to 1.5°C. Climate Action Tracker. Retrieved from https://climateactiontracker.org/publications/the-ten-most-important-short-term-steps-to-limit-warming-to-15c/
Climate Action Tracker. (2017). Foot off the gas: increased reliance on natural gas in the power sector risks an emissions lock-in. Climate Action Tracker (Climate Analytics, Ecofys, NewClimate Institute). Retrieved from https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/55/CAT_2017-06-16_DecarbNaturalGas_CATAnalysis.pdf
Climate Analytics. (2017). A stress test for coal in Europe under the Paris Agreement, (February). Retrieved from http://climateanalytics.org/publications/2017/stress-test-for-coal-in-the-eu.html
Clingendael Spectator. (2019). Climate debate heating up in the Netherlands | Clingendael spectator. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from https://spectator.clingendael.org/en/publication/climate-debate-heating-netherlands
Council of the European Union. (2017). General Approach of the Council of the European Union regarding the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC to enhance cost-effective emission reductions and low-carbon investments.
Council of the European Union. (2019). Preparations for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) meetings (Santiago de Chile, 2-13 December 2019) ‒ Council conclusions. Retrieved from http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-12796-2019-REV-1/en/pdf
Danish Ministry of Energy, U. and C. (2018). Together for a greener future. Retrieved from https://en.efkm.dk/media/12351/climate-air-proposal-summary.pdf
Die Bundeskanzlerin. (2019). Im Gespräch für das Klima. Retrieved from https://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/bkin-de/aktuelles/klimakabinett-1663250
Dutch Government. (2017). Confidence in the Future. 2017–2021 Coalition Agreement. Retrieved from https://www.government.nl/documents/publications/2017/10/10/coalition-agreement-confidence-in-the-future
DW. (2019). 8 EU states push to raise 2030 climate goal, but Germany absent. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/8-eu-states-push-to-raise-2030-climate-goal-but-germany-absent/a-50732764
EEX. (2019). EU Emission Allowances | Secondary Market.
electrive. (2019, January 22). Sweden to ban sales of fossil-fuel powered cars by 2030. Retrieved from https://www.electrive.com/2019/01/22/sweden-joins-nations-dropping-combustion-engines-target-2030/
Energy Saving Trust. (2019). Switching to low-carbon heat: an example from the Netherlands.
European Alternative Fuels Observatory. (2019). Normal and fast public charging points. Retrieved from https://www.eafo.eu/alternative-fuels/electricity/charging-infra-stats
European Commission. (2015a). EU and Iceland sign agreement for joint fulfilment of second phase of Kyoto Protocol. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/news/articles/news_2015040101_en
European Commission. (2015b). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC to enhance cost-effective emission reductions and lowcarbon investments.
European Commission. (2016a). Ecodesign Working Plan 20162019. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/20375
European Commission. (2016b). Evaluation of Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016SC0408&from=EN
European Commission. (2016c). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parilament and of the Council on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry into the 2030 climate and energy framework (...). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:9901f171-5017-11e6-89bd-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF
European Commission. (2017a). Ecodesign Impact Accounting. Status Report 2017. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/eia_overview_report_2017_-_v20171222.pdf
European Commission. (2017b). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles (...).
European Commission. (2018a). A Clean Planet for all. A European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/docs/pages/com_2018_733_en.pdf
European Commission. (2018b). The Commission calls for a climate neutral Europe by 2050. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-6543_en.htm
European Commission. (2019a). Average CO2 emissions from new light-duty vehicles registered in Europe increased in 2018, requiring significant future emission reductions to meet upcoming 2020 and 2021 targets. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/news/average-co2-emissions-new-light-duty-vehicles-registered-europe-increased-2018-requiring_en
European Commission. (2019b). COMMUNICATION(2019) 285 final - United in delivering the Energy Union and Climate Action - Setting the foundations for a successful clean energy transition. Brussel; Belgium. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-strategy-and-energy-union/governance-energy-union/national-energy-climate-plans
European Commission. (2019c). ETS Market Stability Reserve to reduce auction volume by almost 400 million allowances between September 2019 and August 2020. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/news/ets-market-stability-reserve-reduce-auction-volume-almost-400-million-allowances-between_en
European Commission. (2019d). Opening Statement in the European Parliament Plenary Session by Ursula von der Leyen, Candidate for President of the European Commission. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_19_4230
European Commission. (2019e). Quarterly Report on European Electricity Markets (Q1), 12(1), 39. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/quarterly_report_on_european_electricity_markets_q1_2019_final.pdf
European Commission. (2019f). Quarterly Report on European Electricity Markets (Q2), 12(2), 41. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/quarterly_report_on_european_electricity_markets_q_2_2019_final.pdf
European Commission. (2019g). Results of the EUCO3232.5 scenario on Member States. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/technical_note_on_the_euco3232_final_14062019.pdf
European Council. (2011). Conclusions - 4 February 2011. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/research/era/docs/en/brussels-european-council-4-february-2011-presidency-conclusions.pdf
European Council. (2019). EUCO 9/19. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/39922/20-21-euco-final-conclusions-en.pdf
European Environment Agency. (2018). EEA greenhouse gas - data viewer.
European Environment Agency. (2019a). Annual European Union approximatedgreenhouse gas inventory for the year 2018, 98. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/approximated-eu-ghg-inventory-proxy-2018
European Environment Agency. (2019b). EEA greenhouse gas - data viewer.
European Environment Agency. (2019c). Trends and projections in Europe 2019. Tracking progress towards Europe’s climate and energy targets. Luxembourg. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/trends-and-projections-in-europe-1
European Parliament. (2016). Boosting Building Renovation: What Potential and Value for Europe? Study for the ITRE Committee. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/587326/IPOL_STU(2016)587326_EN.pdf
European Parliament. (2018a). Effort sharing regulation, 2021-2030. Limiting Member States’ carbon emissions.
European Parliament. (2018b). Land use in the EU 2030 climate and energy framework. Retrieved from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/589798/EPRS_BRI(2016)589798_EN.pdf
European Parliament. (2019a). European Parliament legislative resolution of 27 March 2019 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles as part of the U.
European Parliament. (2019b). European Parliament resolution of 14 March 2019 on climate change – a European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy in accordance with the Paris Agreement (2019/2582(RSP)). Retrieved May 20, 2019, from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2019-0217_EN.html
European Parliament. (2019c). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2009/33/EC on the promotion of clean and energyefficient vehicles - Analysis of the final compromise text with a view to agreement. Retrieved from https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-6345-2019-INIT/en/pdf
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2009a). Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products (recast). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32009L0125&from=EN
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2009b). Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028&from=EN
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2010a). Directive 2010/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the consumption of energy and other resources by energy-related products. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32010L0030&from=EN
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2010b). Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings. Official Journal of the European Union, 13–35. https://doi.org/doi:10.3000/17252555.L_2010.153.eng
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2010c). Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast).
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2014a). “Consolidated version of the Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC.”
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2014b). Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014L0094&from=EN
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2015). Directive 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sou. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015L1513&from=EN
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018a). Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency.
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018b). Directive 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast).
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018c). DIrective 2018/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 amending Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency.
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018d). Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action.
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018e). Regulation (EU) 2018/841 of the the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry in the 2030 climate and energy framework (...). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1568899078519&uri=CELEX:32018R0841
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018f). Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2018.156.01.0026.01.ENG
Eurostat. (2019a). Electric cars: EU trade surplus of € 3 billion.
Eurostat. (2019b). Freight transport statistics - modal split. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Freight_transport_statistics_-_modal_split
EV-Volumes. (2019). Global EV Sales for 2018 – Final Results. Retrieved from http://www.ev-volumes.com/country/total-world-plug-in-vehicle-volumes/
Farand, C., & Sauer, N. (2019). This is what the world promised at the UN climate action summit. Climate Home News.
Federal MInistry for the Environmet Nature Conservationand Nuclear Safety. (2018). Klimaschutzplan 2050. Rolle des Aktionsbündnisses bei der geplanten Umsetzung.
Finnish Government. (2019). Osallistava ja Osaava Suomi.
Government of Ireland. (2019). Climate Action Plan 2019 to Tackle Climate Breakdown.
Government of the Netherlands. (2018). Speech by Prime Minister Mark Rutte on the future of the European Union - European Parliament, Strasbourg.
Government of the Netherlands. (2019). Climate Agreement.
Government Offices of Sweden. (2018). The climate policy framework.
House of Parliament. (2019). The Climate Change Act 2008 (2050 Target Amendment) Order 2019.
Howell, N. (2019). LNG Tanker LNG in Europe: Current Trends, the European LNG Landscape and Country Focus. JDSUPRA.
IEA. (2017). Danish Energy Agreement for 2012-2020.
International Energy Agency. (2019). Offshore Wind Outlook 2019. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/offshorewind2019/
International Environment Agency. (2019). After stalling last year, renewable power capacity additions to hit double-digit growth in 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019, from https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2019/september/after-stalling-last-year-renewable-power-capacity-additions-to-hit-double-digit-.html
Legifrance. (2009). LOI n° 2009-967 du 3 août 2009 de programmation relative à la mise en œuvre du Grenelle de l’environnement (1). Retrieved from https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000020949548&categorieLien=id
Morgan, S. (2019). Estonia joins EU’s climate-neutral club. Euractiv.
Présidence. (2019). Séance d’ouverture du Sommet de l’Organisation des Nations Unies sur le climat.
Regeringen. (2018). Together for a greener future. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from https://www.regeringen.dk/nyheder/miljoe-og-klimaudspil/
Rocha, D. (2019). Zero satisfeita com antecipação do fecho das centrais a carvão do Pego e Sines.
Sandbag. (2019a). EU ETS emissions fall as wind and solar replace coal. Retrieved May 22, 2019, from https://sandbag.org.uk/project/ets-emissions-2018/
Sandbag. (2019b). Halfway There. Retrieved from https://sandbag.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Halfway-There-March-2019-Sandbag.pdf
Skłodowska, M. (2019). Polska największą wiatrakową budową środkowej Europy. Wysokienapiecie.Pl.
SolarPower Europe. (2019). Global Market Outlook for Solar Power 2019-2023. Retrieved from http://www.solarpowereurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/SolarPower-Europe-Global-Market-Outlook-2019-2023.pdf?cf_id=622
Sterl, S., Kuramochi, T., Hagemann, M., Gonzales-Zuñiga, S., Wouters, K., Deng, Y., … Beer, M. (2016). The Road Ahead - How do we Move to Cleaner Car Fleets? CAT Decarbonisation Series. Climate Action Tracker (Climate Analytics, Ecofys, NewClimate Institute). Retrieved from https://newclimateinstitute.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/cat_memo_decarb_transport.pdf
Teffer, P. (2019). Four states block EU 2050 carbon neutral target. Euobserver.
The Federal Chancellor. (2018). Meseberg Declaration.
The ICCT. (2019). CO2 standards for heavy-duty vehicles in the European Union. Retrieved from https://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/CO2 HDV EU Policy Update 2019_04_17.pdf
The Ministry for an Ecological and Solidary Transition. (2018). Common statement on the long-term strategy and the climate ambition of the EU.
The Ministry of Energy Utilities and Climate. (2018). Energy Agreement.
Transport&Environment. (2018). CO2 emissions from cars. The facts. Retrieved from https://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/publications/2018_04_CO2_emissions_cars_The_facts_report_final_0_0.pdf
Transport Telecommunications and Energy Council. (2019). Public Session (Energy).
UK Committee on Climate Change. (2019). Net Zero: The UK’s contribution to stopping global warming. Retrieved from https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Net-Zero-The-UKs-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming.pdf
UK Government. (2019a). PM Theresa May: we will end UK contribution to climate change by 2050. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-theresa-may-we-will-end-uk-contribution-to-climate-change-by-2050
UK Government. (2019b). The Climate Change Act 2008 (2050 Target Amendment) Order 2019. Retrieved from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2019/9780111187654
UNFCCC. (2018). Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data - Comparison by Category. Retrieved October 10, 2018, from http://di.unfccc.int/comparison_by_category
UNFCCC. (2019). ROADMAP FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY 2050 (RNC2050): LONG-TERM STRATEGY FOR CARBON NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/RNC2050_EN_PT Long Term Strategy.pdf
United Nations Treaty Collection. (2019). 7. c Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol. Retrieved from https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-7-c&chapter=27&lang=_en&clang=_en
WEF. (2017). Countries are announcing plans to phase out petrol and diesel cars. Is yours on the list? Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/09/countries-are-announcing-plans-to-phase-out-petrol-and-diesel-cars-is-yours-on-the-list/
WindEurope. (2019). Europe installs 4.9 GW of new wind energy capacity in first half of 2019.
wnp.pl. (2019). Liczba terminali LNG rośnie jak na drożdżach. Retrieved from https://www.wnp.pl/gazownictwo/liczba-terminali-lng-rosnie-jak-na-drozdzach,355525.html
ZEBRA2020. (2017). Energy efficiency trends in buildings. Retrieved from http://www.zebra-monitoring.enerdata.eu/overall-building-activities/share-of-new-dwellings-in-residential-stock.html#equivalent-major-renovation-rate.html