Philippines

Critically Insufficient4°C+ World

NDCs with this rating fall well outside of a country’s “fair share” range and are not at all consistent with holding warming to below 2°C let alone with the Paris Agreement’s stronger 1.5°C limit. If all government NDCs were in this range, warming would exceed 4°C. For sectors, the rating indicates that the target is consistent with warming of greater than 4°C if all other sectors were to follow the same approach.

Highly insufficient< 4°C World

NDCs with this rating fall outside of a country’s “fair share” range and are not at all consistent with holding warming to below 2°C let alone with the Paris Agreement’s stronger 1.5°C limit. If all government NDCs were in this range, warming would reach between 3°C and 4°C. For sectors, the rating indicates that the target is consistent with warming between 3°C and 4°C if all other sectors were to follow the same approach.

Insufficient< 3°C World

NDCs with this rating are in the least stringent part of a country’s “fair share” range and not consistent with holding warming below 2°C let alone with the Paris Agreement’s stronger 1.5°C limit. If all government NDCs were in this range, warming would reach over 2°C and up to 3°C. For sectors, the rating indicates that the target is consistent with warming over 2°C and up to 3°C if all other sectors were to follow the same approach.

2°C Compatible< 2°C World

NDCs with this rating are consistent with the 2009 Copenhagen 2°C goal and therefore fall within a country’s “fair share” range, but are not fully consistent with the Paris Agreement long term temperature goal. If all government NDCs were in this range, warming could be held below, but not well below, 2°C and still be too high to be consistent with the Paris Agreement 1.5°C limit. For sectors, the rating indicates that the target is consistent with holding warming below, but not well below, 2°C if all other sectors were to follow the same approach.

1.5°C Paris Agreement Compatible< 1.5°C World

This rating indicates that a government’s NDCs in the most stringent part of its “fair share” range: it is consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C limit. For sectors, the rating indicates that the target is consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C limit.

Role model<< 1.5°C World

This rating indicates that a government’s NDC is more ambitious than what is considered a “fair” contribution: it is more than consistent with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C limit. No “role model” rating has been developed for the sectors.

1.5°C Compatible< 1.5°C World

List of references

Ahmed, S. J., & Logarta, J. D. (2017). Electricity-Sector Opportunity in the Philippines The Case for Wind-and Solar-Powered Small Island Grids Electricity-Sector Opportunity in the Philippines-May2017.
APERC. (2016). APEC Energy Demand and Supply Outlook 6th Edition. Volume II: Economic Reviews. Tokyo, Japan: Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre, Institute of Energy Economics, Japan.
Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission. (2001). Forests out of bounds: Impacts and effectiveness of logging bans in natural forests in Asia-Pacific. Retrieved from https://coin.fao.org/coin-static/cms/media/9/13171037773780/2001_08_high.pdf [accessed on 1 November 2017]
Azer Parrocha. (2019). PRRD signs Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act.
Climate Change Commission. (2017). Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC). Retrieved September 27, 2018, from http://climate.gov.ph/advocacy/nationally-determined-contributions#background
CoalSwarm. (2019). Global Coal Plant Tracker. Retrieved May 16, 2019, from https://endcoal.org/tracker/
DENR. (2010). The Philippine National REDD-plus Strategy. Quezon City, The Philippines: Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.elaw.org/system/files/PhilippineNationalREDDplusStrategy.pdf [accessed on 1 November 2017]
Department of Energy. (2009). Renewable Energy Act of 2008. Taguig City, Philippines: Energy Regulatory Commission. Retrieved from http://lia.erc.gov.ph/documents/290
Department of Energy. (2016a). Coal in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.doe.gov.ph/coal
Department of Energy. (2016b). Philippine energy efficiency roadmap 2014-30 and action plan 2016-20. Retrieved from https://www.doe.gov.ph/energy-efficiency/philippine-energy-efficiency-roadmap-2014-30-and-action-plan-2016-20
Department of Energy. (2017a). 2016 Philippine Power Situation Report. Retrieved from https://www.doe.gov.ph/electric-power/2016-philippine-power-situation-report [accessed on 26 October 2017]
Department of Energy. (2017b). Coal Roadmap 2017-2040. Retrieved from https://www.doe.gov.ph/pep/coal-roadmap-2017-2040 [accessed on 26 October 2017]
Department of Energy. (2018). Meralco urged to submit Train rate hike details. Department of Energy Portal. Taguig City, Philippines: Department of Energy, Republic of the Philippines.
Department of Finance. (2017). Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN). Retrieved from http://www.dof.gov.ph/taxreform/ (accessed on 13 March 2018)
FAOSTAT. (2017). FAOSTAT statistical databases. Updated 28 September, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017, from http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
Filane Mikee Cervantes. (2019). Solon bats for microgrid systems to achieve 100% electrification.
Flores, A. M. S. (2017, October 23). PH readies next auction of coal exploration areas. Manila Standard. Retrieved from http://thestandard.com.ph/business/power-technology/250091/ph-readies-next-auction-of-coal-exploration-areas.html
Government of The Philippines. (2014). Second National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/phlnc2.pdf
Government of The Philippines. (2015). Intended Nationally Determined Contributions of the Republic of The Philippines. Retrieved from http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published Documents/Philippines/1/Philippines - Final INDC submission.pdf
Gütschow, J., Jeffery, L., Gieseke, R., & Gebel, R. (2018). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1850-2015). V.1.2. GFZ Data Services. http://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.003
IEA. (2017). World Energy Statistics and Balances. 2017 Edition. Paris, France, France: International Energy Agency.
IEEFA, & ICSC. (2017). Carving Out Coal in the Philippines: Stranded Coal Plant Assets and the Energy Transition. Cleveland, OH, US: Institute for Energy Economics & Financial Analysis.
IRENA. (2017). Renewables Readiness Assessment – The Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Mar/IRENA_RRA_Philippines_2017.pdf [accessed on 23 August 2017]
IRENA. (2019). Renewable capacity statistics 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30126-9
President of the Philippines. Executive Order No. 23 - Declaring a moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in the natural and residual forests and creating the anti-illegal logging task force (2011). Retrieved from http://server2.denr.gov.ph/files/executive_order_no._23_692.pdf [accessed on 1 November 2017]
Rivas, R. (2019a). Luzon earthquake triggers power outages. Retrieved May 16, 2019, from https://www.rappler.com/business/228728-luzon-earthquake-triggers-power-outages-april-22-2019
Rivas, R. (2019b). Red alert raised in Luzon grid for 4th straight day. Retrieved May 16, 2019, from https://www.rappler.com/business/228938-luzon-grid-red-alert-april-25-2019
Rivera, D. (2019). DOE working to increase power reserves. Retrieved May 16, 2019, from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/04/18/1910955/doe-working-increase-power-reserves
Ronnel W. Domingo. (2019). PH needs more peaking plants to address power demand spikes, says Pippa.
UNFCCC. (n.d.-a). Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data - Detailed data by Party. Bonn, Germany: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved from https://di.unfccc.int/detailed_data_by_party
UNFCCC. (n.d.-b). Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data - Detailed data by Party. Bonn, Germany: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
US EPA. (2012). Global Anthropogenic Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 1990-2030. Revised December 2012. Washington DC, USA: Office of Atmospheric Programs Climate Change Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-05/documents/epa_global_nonco2_projections_dec2012.pdf
Vemuri, M., & Bohn, I. (2018). Planning for the energy future. Group. Makati City, Philippines: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.
Vemuri, M., Bohn, I., & Schrade, M. (2018). From “baseload” to flexible generation: meeting the power generation requirements of the future Baseload Paradigm The New Paradigm. Makati City, Philippines: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.
Zahra Hirji. (2017). Philippines’ Ratification of Paris Agreement Cheers Climate World. InsideClimate News. Retrieved from https://insideclimatenews.org/news/21032017/philippines-typhoon-paris-climate-agreement-global-warming-yeb-sano-rodrigo-duterte