NDC
We calculate a 40-45% reduction from base year emissions (2005) excluding LULUCF and then subtract the projected LULUCF contribution in 2030. That LULUCF contribution ranges from our own estimates based on the trend over the last decade (up to 35 MtCO2e source) at one end, to the values in the government’s 2023 emissions projections (up to -45 MtCO2e sink in the additional measures scenario) at the other end. These government estimated sink contributions are higher than the government’s previous estimates of -12 to -27 MtCO2e in its 8th National Communication (Government of Canada, 2022a).
The reason that we added our own estimates to the LULUCF contribution is that in the 2024 inventory, Canada revised its approach to LULUCF, making it an overall source rather than sink. However, the 2023 projections still take the former approach, meaning there is an inconsistency between the government’s projection and the inventory until the new projections are published. Hence, we added our own simplified estimates and show a range within which the actually expected values might likely fall.
Canada is still considering the extent to which it will rely on international carbon market credits (‘internationally transferred mitigation outcomes’ or ITMOs), however, it did indicate that it may use credits obtained under the Western Climate Initiative (a regional carbon market between some Canadian provinces and American states) for compliance with its 2030 target in its 8th National Communication (Government of Canada, 2022a). In its latest emissions projection report, that estimate for 2030 is 0.6 MtCO2e (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2023b).
We have added these potential credits to the NDC values we rate against modelled domestic pathways (i.e. the reductions that Canada should achieve within its borders), but subtract them in the NDC value we rate against the country’s fair share allocation.