EU

Ainger, J. (2022). EU Is Falling Short of Its Methane Emissions-Reduction Pledge . Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-06/eu-is-falling-short-of-its-global-methane-pledge-ambition?leadSource=uverify wall

Beyond Fossil Fuels. (2024, October). Europe’s Coal Exit:  Overview of National Coal Phase Out Commitments.

Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance. (2021). At COP26, 11 National and Subnational Governments Launch The Beyond Oil & Gas Alliance. https://beyondoilandgasalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/11-10-21-BOGA-Press-Release.pdf

BPIE. (2024). The EPBD decrypted: a treasure chest of opportunities to accelerate building decarbonisation.

CAN Europe. (2024, October). Ahead of COP29, EU Fails to Signal a Stepping Up of Climate Finance Support. CAN Europe. https://caneurope.org/climate-finance-ecofin-oct-24-2/

Carbon Gap. (2024a). Carbon Removals and Carbon Farming Regulation. https://tracker.carbongap.org/policy/crcf/

Carbon Gap. (2024b). Carbon Removals and Carbon Farming Regulation.

Changing Markets. (2022). High Steaks Taking methane from animal farming out of its blindspot. http://changingmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/CM-Report-ENG-Web-High-Stakes-02-October-2022-Final.pdf

Chapelot, A., Fevrier, G., Hartwig-Peillon, R., & Thomas, S. (2024). Planning for the 2023 EED: are EU countries up to the task? Updated analysis, April 2024.

Civillini, M., & Rodriguez, S. (2024, July 1). EU “green” funds invest millions in expanding coal giants in China, India. Climate Home News.

Climate Action Network. (2024). NECP Tracker Update: EU Climate Goals at Risk Due to Ambition Gaps and Delays.

Climate Action Network Europe. (2023). Decoding the Methane Regulation .

Climate Action Network Europe. (2024a). Gas Package Analysis:  The good , the bas and the ugly of the revised Directive and Regulation .

Climate Action Network Europe. (2024b, October). Ahead of COP29, EU Fails to Signal a Stepping Up of Climate Finance Support.

Climate Action Tracker. (2020). Paris Agreement Compatible Sectoral Benchmarks: Elaborating the decarbonisation roadmap. Climate Action Tracker (Climate Analytics, NewClimate Institute). https://climateanalytics.org/media/cat_2020-07-10_parisagreementbenchmarks_fullreport.pdf

Climate Action Tracker. (2023a). CAT briefing: Pulling the plug on fossils in power. https://climateactiontracker.org/publications/pulling-the-plug-on-fossils-in-power

Climate Action Tracker. (2023b). Clean electricity within a generation: Paris-aligned benchmarks for the power sector. https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/1159/CAT_2023-09-19_Briefing_ParisBenchmarks_PowerSector.pdf

Climate Action Tracker. (2024). Decarbonising road transport: light-duty vehicles. https://climateactiontracker.org/publications/decarbonising-transport-light-duty-vehicles/

Climate Analytics. (2024). 1.5°C National Pathway Explorer - European Union. https://1p5ndc-pathways.climateanalytics.org/countries/european-union/

Council of the European Union. (2023a). Climate finance: Council approves 2022 international climate finance figures. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/11/23/climate-finance-council-approves-2022-international-climate-finance-figures/

Council of the European Union. (2023b). Member states agree to extend voluntary 15% gas demand reduction target. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/03/28/member-states-agree-to-extend-voluntary-15-gas-demand-reduction-target/?utm_source=dsms-auto&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Member+states+agree+to+extend+voluntary+15%25+gas+demand+reductio

Croatian Presidency and the European Commission. (2020). Submission by Croatia and the European Commission on behalf of the European Union and its Member States. http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published Documents/Latvia/1/LV-03-06-EU INDC.pdf

ECA. (2024). Common Agricultural Policy Plans – Greener, but not matching the EU’s ambitions for the climate and the environment.

Eckstein, D., Künzel, V., & Schäfer, L. (2021). Global Climate Risk Index 2021. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Global Climate Risk Index 2021_1_0.pdf

EEB. (2024). CRCF: Red flags, uncertainty and a door left open for greenwashing.

Ember. (2023). European Electricity Review 2023. https://ember-climate.org/app/uploads/2023/01/Report-European-Electricity-Review-2023.pdf

Ember. (2024). Electricity Data Explorer. https://ember-climate.org/data/data-tools/data-explorer/

EPG. (2024). The Industrial Carbon Management Strategy. What is good and where does it disappoint?

European Climate Foundation. (2022). Delivering EU energy security through climate action. https://europeanclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ecf-external-white-paper.pdf

European Climate Neutrality Observatory. (2024a). Monitoring Europe’s progress towards climate neutrality.

European Climate Neutrality Observatory. (2024b). Monitoring Europe’s progress towards climate neutrality: Progress Tracker. https://climateobservatory.eu/progress-tracker

European Commission. (2018a). A Clean Planet for all. A European strategic long-term vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/docs/pages/com_2018_733_en.pdf

European Commission. (2018b). In-depth analysis in support of the Commission Communication COM(2018)773 A Clean Planet for all.https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0773

European Commission. (2018c). Supplementary information for the In-depth Analysis in Support of the Commission Communication COM (2018) 773 A Clean Planet for all - A European long-term strategic vision for a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate neutral economy. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/strategies/2050/docs/long-term_analysis_in_depth_analysis_figures_en.pdf

European Commission. (2020). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: A hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe COM(2020) 301 final. https://www.eu2018.at/calendar-events/political-events/BMNT-

European Commission. (2021a). Energy modelling. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/data-and-analysis/energy-modelling_en

European Commission. (2021b). Excel files for MIX scenario - European Commission. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/publications/excel-files-mix-scenario_en

European Commission. (2021c). Excel files for REG scenario. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/publications/excel-files-reg-scenario_en

European Commission. (2022a). Commission Staff Working Document: Implementing the RePower EU action plan: Investment needs, hydrogen accelerator and achieving the bio-methane targets.

European Commission. (2022b). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Union certification framework for carbon removals. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52022PC0672

European Commission. (2022c). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Union certification framework for carbon removals.

European Commission. (2023a). Climate Action - Progress Report - 2023. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-11/com_2023_653_glossy_en_0.pdf

European Commission. (2023b). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: EU-wide assessment of the draft updated National Energy and Climate Plans: An important step towards the more ambitious 2030 energy and climate objectives under the European Green Deal and RePowerEU. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2023%3A796%3AFIN

European Commission. (2023c). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions: Grids, the Missing Link - An EU Action Plan for Grids.

European Commission. (2023d). Net Zero Industry Act. https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/publications/net-zero-industry-act_en

European Commission. (2024a). Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment Report: Securing our future Europe’s 2040 target and path to climate neutrality by 2050 building a sustainable, just and prosperous society. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52024SC0063

European Commission. (2024b). Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment Report: Securing our future Europe’s 2040 target and path to climate neutrality by 2050 building a sustainable, just and prosperous society.

European Commission. (2024c). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Securing our future Europe’s 2040 climate targets and path to climate neutrality by 2050 building a sustainable, just and prosperous society.

European Commission. (2024d). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions: Towards an Ambitious Industrial Carbon Management for the EU.

European Commission. (2024e). EU imposes duties on unfairly subsidised electric vehicles from China while discussions on price undertakings continue.

European Commission. (2024f). Sustainability-related disclosure in the financial services sector.

European Council. (2023). Fit for 55: shifting from fossil gas to renewable and low-carbon gases.

European Environment Agency. (2023a). Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2021 and inventory report 2023 - CRF Table. https://unfccc.int/documents/627830

European Environment Agency. (2023b). Member States’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections 2023. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/4b8d94a4-aed7-4e67-a54c-0623a50f48e8

European Environment Agency. (2023c). Progress towards achieving climate targets in the EU-27. https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/figure-1-historical-trends-and-2

European Environment Agency. (2024, April). National emissions reported to the UNFCCC and to the EU under the Governance Regulation. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/3b7fe76c-524a-439a-bfd2-a6e4046302a2?activeAccordion=

European Parliament. (2022). Fit for 55: Deal on carbon sinks goal will increase EU 2030 climate target. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221107IPR49206/fit-for-55-deal-on-carbon-sinks-goal-will-increase-eu-2030-climate-target

European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2021). European Climate Law. Regulation (EU) 2021/1119. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32021R1119

European Parliament, & Council of the European Union. (2023a). Directive (EU) 2023/2413 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 October 2023 amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 and Directive 98/70/EC as regards the promotion of energy from renewable sources, and repealing Council . http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2023/2413/oj

European Parliament, & Council of the European Union. (2023b). Regulation (EU) 2023/839 amending Regulation (EU) 2018/841 as regards the scope, simplifying the reporting and compliance rules, and setting out the targets of the Member States for 2030, and Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 as regards improvement in monitoring. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/839/oj

European Parliament, & Council of the European Union. (2023c). Regulation (EU) 2023/1805 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport, and amending Directive 2009/16/EC (Text with EEA relevance). http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1805/oj

European Parliament, & Council of the European Union. (2023d). Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2018/841 as regards the scope, simplifying the reporting and compliance rules, and setting out the targets of the Member States for 2030, and Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 as re. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/839/oj

European Parliament, & Council of the European Union. (2023e, April 1). Regulation (EU) 2023/857 of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2018/842 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/857/oj

European Parliament, E. C. (2023). Directive (EU) 2023/1791 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on energy efficiency and amending Regulation (EU) 2023/955. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AJOL_2023_231_R_0001&qid=1695186598766

European Parliament, & European Council. (2023). Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU.

European Parliament, & European Council. (2024a). Regulation (EU) 2024/1468 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 amending Regulations (EU) 2021/2115 and (EU) 2021/2116 as regards good agricultural and environmental condition standards, schemes for climate, environment and animal welfare, amendment of the CAP Strategic Plans, review of the CAP Strategic Plans and exemptions from controls and penalties.

European Parliament, & European Council. (2024b). Regulation (EU) 2024/1679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on Union guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network, amending Regulations (EU) 2021/1153 and (EU) No 913/2010 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32024R1679

European Parliament, & European Council. (2024c). Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s net-zero technology manufacturing ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202401735

European Parliament, & European Council. (2024d). Regulation (EU) 2024/1787 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on the reduction of methane emissions in the energy sector and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/942.

European Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change (ESABCC). (2023, June 15). Scientific advice for the determination of an EU-wide 2040 climate target and a greenhouse gas budget for 2030–2050. https://climate-advisory-board.europa.eu/reports-and-publications/scientific-advice-for-the-determination-of-an-eu-wide-2040#:~:text=2030-2050 carbon budget and the 2040 climate target&text=To achieve this%2C the EU,and achieving a sustainable future.

European Union. (2022). European Union. National Communication (NC). NC 8. Biennial Reports (BR). BR 5.https://unfccc.int/documents/624694

Germany, & European Commission. (2020). Update of the NDC of the European Union and its Member States. https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/long-term-strategies

Howarth, R. (2024). The greenhouse gas footprint of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exported from the United States. Energy Science and Engineering, 1–17. https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ese3.1934

Jaller-Makarewicz, A. M. (2023). Europe’s LNG capacity buildout outpaces demand. Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis. https://ieefa.org/articles/europes-lng-capacity-buildout-outpaces-demand

Latvia and the European Commission. (2015). Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of the EU and its Member States. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/LV-03-06-EU INDC.pdf

Mathiesen, K., Weise, Z., & Guillot, L. (2024, June). A triumphant right’s first post-election target: Overturning Green Deal car ban. Politco.

Mindekova, T., & Cremona, E. (2024). The EU’s Grid Policy Framework. Ember. https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/the-eus-grid-policy-framework/

Mooney, A., Savage, S., Hancock, A., & Agyemang, E. (2024). Denmark to charge farmers €100 a cow in first carbon tax on agriculture.

Rozansk, R., & Hassan, H. (2024). Europe Gas Tracker 2024. Global Energy Monitor.

Spain and the European Commission. (2023, October 19). Update of the NDC of the European Union and its Member States. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2023-10/ES-2023-10-17 EU submission NDC update.pdf

UNFCCC. (2023). National Inventory Inventory Submission: European Union.

UNFCCC. (2024). National Inventory Submission 2024: European Union.

Verplancke, M., Bennett, R., Laga, A., & Burton, C. (2024). EU “Fit for 55”: The revamped Energy Performance of Buildings Directive – lion’s teeth or paper tiger? https://sustainablefutures.linklaters.com/post/102j498/eu-fit-for-55-the-revamped-energy-performance-of-buildings-directive-lions

von der Leyen, U. (2024a). Political Guidelines 2024-2029. https://commission.europa.eu/document/e6cd4328-673c-4e7a-8683-f63ffb2cf648_en

von der Leyen, U. (2024b). Political Guidelines 2024-2029.

Zero Waste Europe. (2024, March). Waste Framework Directive: European Parliament makes textile polluters pay, says Zero Waste Europe.