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Ainger, J. (2022). EU Is Falling Short of Its Methane Emissions-Reduction Pledge. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-06/eu-is-falling-short-of-its-global-methane-pledge-ambition?leadSource=uverify wall

Beyond Fossil Fuels. (2025). Europe’s coal exit. Overview of National Coal Phase out Commitments (Last Updated: 20 June 2025). https://beyondfossilfuels.org/europes-coal-exit/

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Bollendorff, E., & Locke, B. (2026, June 22). Big gas is trying to cash in on Europe’s fossil fuel crisis. Politico. POLITICO. https://www.politico.eu/sponsored-content/big-gas-is-trying-to-cash-in-on-europes-fossil-fuel-crisis/

CAN Europe. (2025a). EU climate goals at risk: NECPs’ ambitious implementation must close the gaps. https://caneurope.org/content/uploads/2025/06/NGO-NECP-ASSESSMENT-JUNE-2025.pdf

CAN Europe. (2025b). State aid can be the key driver for industrial decarbonisation. https://caneurope.org/reaction_-clean-industrial-state-aid-framework/

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EEA. (2025b). Greenhouse gas emissions from land use, land use change and forestry in Europe. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/indicators/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-land

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EEB. (2024). CRCF: Red flags, uncertainty and a door left open for greenwashing.

EHPA. (2025). Who’s banning fossil fuel boilers? https://ehpa.org/news-and-resources/news/whos-banning-fossil-fuel-boilers/

Ember. (2025). 2024 EU NECP Data Tool. https://ember-energy.org/data/2024-eu-necp-data-tool

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European Commission. (2022a). Commission Staff Working Document: Implementing the RePower EU action plan: Investment needs, hydrogen accelerator and achieving the bio-methane targets.

European Commission. (2022b). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Union certification framework for carbon removals. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52022PC0672

European Commission. (2023a). A Green Deal Industrial Plan for the Net-Zero Age. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52023DC0062

European Commission. (2023b). Climate Action Progress Report 2023. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/news-your-voice/news/climate-action-progress-report-2023-2023-10-24_en

European Commission. (2023c). Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/1184 of 10 February 2023 supplementing Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing a Union methodology setting out detailed rules for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2023/1184/oj

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European Commission. (2024e). The future of European competitiveness. https://commission.europa.eu/topics/competitiveness/draghi-report_en

European Commission. (2025a). A Vision for Agriculture and Food: Shaping together an attractive farming and agri-food sector for future generations. European Commission. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52025DC0075

European Commission. (2025b). Action Plan for Affordable Energy: Unlocking the true value of our Energy Union to secure affordable, efficient and clean energy for all Europeans. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/publications/action-plan-affordable-energy-unlocking-true-value-our-energy-union-secure-affordable-efficient-and_en

European Commission. (2025c). Amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 to include an additional flexibility as regards the calculation of manufacturers’ compliance with CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for the calendar years 2025 to 2027. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-7727-2025-INIT/en/pdf

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European Commission. (2025h). EU-wide assessment of the final updated national energy and climate plans Delivering the Union’s 2030 energy and climate objectives. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52025DC0274&qid=1749138488640

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European Commission. (2026b). Commission unveils strategy to bring Europe’s first SMRs online by the early 2030s. https://energy.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-unveils-strategy-bring-europes-first-smrs-online-early-2030s-2026-03-10_en

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European Parliament & European Council. (2023c). Regulation (EU) 2023/1804 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 September 2023 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1804/oj

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Jäger, P. (2025). Lost in Implementation? The Clean Industrial Deal demands urgent and bold delivery. Jacques Delors Centre. https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/lost-in-implementation-the-clean-industrial-deal-1

Jaller-Makarewicz, A. M. (2023). Europe’s LNG capacity buildout outpaces demand. Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis. https://ieefa.org/articles/europes-lng-capacity-buildout-outpaces-demand

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