Russian Federation

Overall rating
Critically insufficient

Policies and action
against fair share

Highly insufficient
< 4°C World

NDC target
against modelled domestic pathways

Critically insufficient
4°C+ World

NDC target
against fair share

Critically insufficient
4°C+ World
Climate finance
Critically insufficient
Net zero target

year

2060

Comprehensiveness rated as

Poor
Land use & forestry

historically considered a

Sink

List of references

Agyekum, E. B., Kumar, N. M., Mehmood, U., Panjwani, M. K., Haes Alhelou, H., Adebayo, T. S., & Al-Hinai, A. (2021). Decarbonize Russia—A Best–Worst Method approach for assessing the renewable energy potentials, opportunities and challenges. Energy Reports, 7, 4498–4515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.039

Album, K. (2024). Human rights conditions for environmental civil society in Russia: 2023 status update. Naturvernforbundet. https://naturvernforbundet.no/human-rights-conditions-for-environmental-civil-society-in-russia-2023-status-update/

Amazawa, M., & Shimbun, Y. (2024). Russian Methane Emissions ‘Greater Than It Reported’; Japanese Satellite Detected Higher Levels In 2009-20. The Japan News. https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/world/russia/20241114-222492/

Autostat. (2025). 60 thousand electric cars are in Russia. https://eng.autostat.ru/news/25829/

Bobylev, D. (2024). Как купить электромобиль со скидкой в 35% от государства? (How to buy an electric car with a 35% discount from the state?). Electrocars.

Bogdanova, I. (2022). The Role of Technology Sanctions in Crippling Russia’s War Machine. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD). https://www.iisd.org/articles/policy-analysis/technology-sanctions-russia-war

Bun, R., Marland, G., Oda, T., See, L., Puliafito, E., Nahorski, Z., Jonas, M., Kovalyshyn, V., Ialongo, I., Yashchun, O., & Romanchuk, Z. (2024). Tracking unaccounted greenhouse gas emissions due to the war in Ukraine since 2022. Science of the Total Environment, 914(September 2023), 169879–169879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169879

Central Bank of the Russian Federation. (2024). Китай На Пути К Углеродной Нейтральности (China on the Road to Carbon Neutrality). https://www.cbr.ru/Content/Document/File/166501/analytic_note_20241018_dfs.pdf

Civillini, M. (2023). Saudi Arabia, Russia urge World Bank to keep funding fossil fuels. Climate Home News. https://www.climatechangenews.com/2023/10/12/saudi-arabia-russia-urge-world-bank-to-keep-funding-fossil-fuels/

Climate Action Tracker. (2020). Paris Agreement Compatible Sectoral Benchmarks Elaborating the decarbonisation roadmap. August.

Crowley-Vigneau, Anne, Y. K., & Ketenci, N. (2023). What motivates the ‘green’ transition: Russian and European perspectives. Resources Policy, 81.

Digital Energy Association. (2022). Минэнерго ухудшило прогноз по экспорту водорода из РФ в своем проекте комплексной программы развития водородной энергетики до 2030 года. (The Ministry of Energy has worsened the forecast for hydrogen exports from the Russian Federation in its draft comprehensive program for the development of hydrogen energy until 2030.). https://www.digital-energy.ru/2022/06/02/industry/минэнерго-ухудшило-прогноз-по-экспор

Eggleston, H., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., & Tanabe, K. (Eds.). (2006). 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. IPCC.

Ember. (2025). Electricity Data Explorer. https://ember-climate.org/data/data-tools/data-explorer/

EPA. (2025). Global Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections & Mitigation Potential: 2020-2080. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/global-mitigation-non-co2-greenhouse-gases/global-non-co2-greenhouse-gas-emission-projections-0

European Commission. (2022). EU Cohesion Policy: €3.85 billion for a just transition toward climate neutral economy in five Polish regions. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/es/ip_22_7413

European Commission. (2025). Commission proposes a plan to phase out Russian gas and oil imports. https://commission.europa.eu/news-and-media/news/commission-proposes-plan-phase-out-russian-gas-and-oil-imports-2025-06-17_en

Fyson, C., Ganti, G., Grant, N., & Hare, B. (2022). Fossil gas: A bridge to nowhere. https://climateanalytics.org/publications/fossil-gas-a-bridge-to-nowhere

Global Forest Watch. (2025). Global Forest Watch: Russia. https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/RUS/?location=WyJjb3VudHJ5IiwiUlVTIl0%3D

Goble, P. (2025). Russian Railways Becoming a Growing Political and Geopolitical Problem for Moscow. Eurasia Daily Monitor. https://jamestown.org/program/russian-railways-becoming-a-growing-political-and-geopolitical-problem-for-moscow/

Halff, A., Kleinberg, R., & Mitrova, T. (2023). Russia’s Methane Emissions and the War in Ukraine. Center on Global Energy Policy. https://www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/publications/russia-s-methane-emissions-and-war-ukraine/

IEA. (2024a). Coal 2024. https://www.iea.org/reports/coal-2024

IEA. (2024b). World Energy Outlook 2024. International Energy Agency. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024

Interfax. (2024a). Russia postpones funding for second stage of project to build climate monitoring system. https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/108059/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Interfax. (2024b). Путин поручил в кратчайшие сроки разработать меры поддержки угольной отрасли РФ (Putin orders to develop measures to support the Russian coal industry as soon as possible). https://www.interfax.ru/business/997254

Interfax. (2024c). Серийное производство электромобилей “Атом” должно начаться в 2025 году (Serial production of Atom electric vehicles should begin in 2025). https://www.interfax.ru/business/961541

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). (2017). Renewable Energy Prospects for the Russian Federation. In Remap 2030. Renewable Energy Prospects for Ukraine

Javeline, D., Orttung, R., Robertson, G., Arnold, R., Barnes, A., Henry, L., Holland, E., Omelicheva, M., Rutland, P., Schatz, E., Schenk, C., Semenov, A., Sperling, V., McIntosh Sundstrom, L., Troitskiy, M., Twigg, J., & Wengle, S. (2023). Russia in a changing climate. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 15(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.872

Jingjing, M. (2024). Beijing, Moscow aim for closer ties in carbon sector, renewable energy. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202408/1318536.shtml

Jolly, J. (2022). Igor Sechin: The epitome of power in Putin’s Russia. The Gaurdian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/mar/04/igor-sechin-the-epitome-of-power-in-putin-russia-rosneft-economy

Kalinin, M., Ishmukhametov, R., & Pankova, O. (2021). Russia: Jump-start of a national electric vehicles industry. Global Compliance News. https://www.globalcompliancenews.com/2021/09/16/russia-jump-start-of-a-national-electric-vehicles-industry-09082021/

Korppoo, A., Sakharov, P., & Tsvetava, K. (2023). New realities of the Russian coal sector: Focus on Kuzbass. Climate Strategies. https://climatestrategies.org/publication/new-realities-of-the-russian-coal-sector-focus-on-kuzbass/

Kozlova, E. (2024). Быстро и экологично: Электробусы появились еще на девяти маршрутах Москвы (Fast and eco-friendly: Electric buses appear on nine more Moscow routes). Vedomosti. https://www.vedomosti.ru/gorod/ourcity/articles/bistro-i-ekologichno

Light, F. (2021). Russia Says Its Forests Neutralize Billions of Tons of Greenhouse Gases. Scientists Have Their Doubts. The Moscow Times. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/07/05/russia-says-its-forests-neutralize-billions-of-tons-of-greenhouse-gases-scientists-have-their-doubts-a74428

Litnarovych, V. (2025). Have a Baby, Get a Lada—Russia Proposes Car Discounts to Boost Birthrate. United24 Media.

Melnikov, Y. (2023). Russia’s Renewable Energy: Prospects in an Era of Geopolitical Confrontation. Energy Information Reform Project, 2, 1–18.

Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. (2025). President approves new greenhouse gas emissions reduction target. https://en.economy.gov.ru/material/news/president_approves_new_greenhouse_gas_emissions_reduction_target.html

Mitrova, T. (2022). Energy and the Economy in Russia. In M. Hafner & G. Luciani (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0

Mouratidi, Y. (2023). Whose emissions are these anyway? The Paris Agreement and greenhouse gas emissions emanating from occupied territories: A case study of Ukraine, Georgia and Russia. EJIL: Talk! – Blog of the European Journal of International Law.

Novaya Gazeta Europe. (2023). Greenpeace: Real area of forest fires in Russia ten times bigger than official statistics. https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2023/05/11/greenpeace-real-area-of-forest-fires-in-russia-ten-times-bigger-than-official-statistics-en-news

OVD-Info. (2024). «Cutting off the air supply»: How the authorities are persecuting so-called ‘foreign agents’ in the face of war—An analysis of legislation. https://ovd.info/en/cutting-air-supply-how-authorities-are-persecuting-so-called-foreign-agents-face-war#1

Parfenenkova, M. (2023). Электротранспорт в России: Наступило ли будущее (Electric Transport in Russia: Has the Future Arrived?). Vedomosti. https://www.vedomosti.ru/ecology/esg/articles/2023/12/25/1012756-elektrotransport-v-rossii-nastupilo-li-buduschee

Partsvania, V. (2023). The fiasco of the Russian electric vehicle industry. Riddle. https://ridl.io/the-fiasco-of-the-russian-electric-vehicle-industry/

Patonia, A. (2022). How Its War on Ukraine Killed Russia’s Hydrogen Ambitions. German Marshall Fund of the United States. https://www.gmfus.org/news/how-its-war-ukraine-killed-russias-hydrogen-ambitions

President of Russia. (2022). Meeting with Rosatom CEO Alexei Likhachev. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/68446

President of Russia. (2024). Указ о национальных целях развития Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года и на перспективу до 2036 года (Decree on the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the perspective up to 2036). http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/73986

President of Russia. (2025). Executive Order on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. http://en.kremlin.ru/acts/news/77720

Raimondi, P. P. (2024). The Role of the Arctic in Russia’s Energy Strategy: Features, Objectives and Perspectives following Russia’s War in Ukraine. Istituto Affari Internazionali. https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/9788893683142.pdf

RBC. (2024). Выбросы парниковых газов в России уменьшились на треть после пересчета (Greenhouse gas emissions in Russia have decreased by a third after recalculation). https://www.rbc.ru/society/05/11/2024/672a165f9a794701c5d3950e?from=from_main_3

Russian Federation. (2009). Утверждена Климатическая доктрина Российской Федерации (Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation). https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/RUS/2009/climate-doctrine-of-the-russian-federation_c754b1d9a87612f7891fa89a79ee4818.pdf

Russian Federation. (2019). Russian Federation Fourth Biennial Report. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/124785_Russian Federation-BR4-2-4BR_RUS_rev.pdf

Russian Federation. (2020a). Decree No. 1523-r: Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035. http://static.government.ru/media/files/w4sigFOiDjGVDYT4IgsApssm6mZRb7wx.pdf

Russian Federation. (2020b). О Стратегии развития Арктической зоны Российской Федерации и обеспечения национальной безопасности на период до 2035 года (Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Ensuring National Security for the Period up to 2035). http://www.scrf.gov.ru/security/economic/Arctic_stratery/

Russian Federation. (2021a). Decision of November 27, 2021 No. 3363-r: Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030. http://static.government.ru/media/files/7enYF2uL5kFZlOOpQhLl0nUT91RjCbeR.pdf

Russian Federation. (2021b). Decree No. 2162-r: Development of Hydrogen Energy in the Russian Federation. http://static.government.ru/media/files/5JFns1CDAKqYKzZ0mnRADAw2NqcVsexl.pdf

Russian Federation. (2021c). Order of August 23, 2021 № 2290-r: Concept for the development of the production and use of electric road transport in Russia until 2030. http://static.government.ru/media/files/bW9wGZ2rDs3BkeZHf7ZsaxnlbJzQbJJt.pdf

Russian Federation. (2021d). План мероприятий по реализации Стратегии социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации с низким уровнем выбросов парниковых газов до 2050 года (Action plan for the implementation of the strategy for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation with a low level of greenhouse gas emissions until 2050. https://www.profiz.ru/upl/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%20%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0.pdf

Russian Federation. (2022a). Eighth National Communication and Fifth Biennial Report of the Russian Federation under the UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/documents/624780

Russian Federation. (2022b). Strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Strategy of Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation with Low GHG Emissions EN.pdf

Russian Federation. (2022c). Правительство утвердило инновационный проект по созданию национальной системы мониторинга климатически активных веществ (The government has approved an innovative project to create a national system for monitoring climate-active substances). http://government.ru/news/46939/

Russian Federation. (2023a). 2023 National Inventory Document of the Russian Federation. https://unfccc.int/documents/631719

Russian Federation. (2023b). Концепция внешней политики Российской Федерации (The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation). https://mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/fundamental_documents/1860586/?lang=ru

Russian Federation. (2023c). Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 26.10.2023 № 812 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 10.26.2023 No. 812). http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202310260009?index=1

Russian Federation. (2024a). 2024 National Inventory Document of the Russian Federation. https://unfccc.int/documents/645136

Russian Federation. (2024b). Russian Federation: Second multilateral assessment working group session of the fifth cycle of the international assessment and review. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Presentation_MA_RUS_0.pdf

Russian Federation. (2024c). Об утверждении схемы и программы развития электроэнергетических систем России на 2025—2030 годы (On approval of the scheme and programme for the development of electricity systems of Russia for 2025-2030).

Russian Federation. (2024d). Правительство Российской Федерации Распоряжение от 30 декабря 2024 г. № 4153-р (Government of the Russian Federation Order No. 4153-r dated 30 December 2024).

Russian Federation. (2025a). 2025 National Inventory Document of the Russian Federation. https://unfccc.int/documents/646536

Russian Federation. (2025b). Decree No. 908-r: Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2050. http://static.government.ru/media/files/LWYfSENa10uBrrBoyLQqAAOj5eJYlA60.pdf

Russian Federation. (2025c). Russian Federation Biennial Transparency Report (BTR1). https://unfccc.int/documents/645251

Russian Federation. (2025d). Александр Новак встретился со спецпредставителем по вопросам изменения климата Президента Кении, Председателем Африканской группы переговорщиков Али Даудом Мохамедом (Alexander Novak met with the Special Representative for Climate Change of the President. http://government.ru/news/54276/

Russian Federation. (2025e). Единый план по достижению национальных целей развития Российской Федерации до 2030 года и на перспективу до 2036 года (Unified Plan for Achieving the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation until 2030 and in the perspective until 2036). http://government.ru/news/53927/

Scheifele, F., Bräuning, M., & Probst, B. (2022). The impact of local content requirements on the development of export competitiveness in solar and wind technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 168.

Sengupta, S. (2024). Saudi Arabia and Russia to U.N.: Don’t Talk About a Fossil Fuel Exit. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/26/climate/saudi-arabia-russia-fossil-fuels-un.html

Skarytovsky, I. (2022). Sanctions hurt but don’t cripple Russian renewables, says industry group. PV Magazine.

Soldatkin, V. (2024). Russia seeks to counter West’s climate agenda with gas, nuclear power. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-seeks-counter-wests-climate-agenda-with-gas-nuclear-power-2024-09-27/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Stankevich, Y. (2025). Energy Strategy of Russia until 2050. TEK-TOK with Yuri Stankevich. TEK-TOK. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htaTZsNkGXQ

The Moscow Times. (2024). «Глубочайший провал за 16 лет». РЖД отчитались о резком падении перевозок грузов по России (“The Deepest Failure in 16 Years.” Russian Railways Reported a Sharp Drop in Freight Transportation in Russia).

Timerkhanov, A. (2024). Четверть всех электромобилей в России приходится на Москву (A quarter of all electric vehicles in Russia are in Moscow). Autostat. https://www.autostat.ru/news/58270/

Trading Economics. (2025). Russia—Coal Rents (% Of GDP). https://tradingeconomics.com/russia/coal-rents-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.html

Volcovici, V. (2024). Russia’s claim of emissions in annexed Ukraine regions draws protests at COP29. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-claim-emissions-annexed-ukraine-regions-draws-protests-cop29-2024-11-23/

Wiese, B., & Seymour, J. G. (2023). Over-polluting and under-reporting: A look inside Russia’s dirty fossil fuel industry. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. https://thebulletin.org/2023/09/over-polluting-and-under-reporting-a-look-inside-russias-dirty-fossil-fuel-industry/

World Bank. (2025). Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report 2024. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/bd2432bbb0e514986f382f61b14b2608-0400072025/original/Global-Gas-Flaring-Tracker-Report-July-2025.pdf

World Nuclear Association. (2024). Nuclear Power in Russia. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-o-s/russia-nuclear-power

Xinhua News Agency. (2023). Putin says development of Arctic region key priority for Russia. https://english.news.cn/20231212/e80e0846435444bda6b4c599de212f24/c.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Latest publications

Stay informed

Subscribe to our newsletter