Bhutan

Overall rating: Almost Sufficient

Policies and action against fair share: 1.5°C compatible; < 1.5°C World

CAT estimate against modelled domestic pathways: 1.5°C global least cost; < 1.5°C World

CAT estimate against fair share: Almost Sufficient; < 2°C World

Climate finance: Not applicable

Net zero target: year
2050; Comprehensiveness not rated as
Information incomplete

Land use & forestry: historically considered a
Sink

List of references

Asian Development Bank, 2022: ADB to Support Construction of Bhutan’s First Utility-Scale Solar Power Plant. https://www.adb.org/news/adb-support-construction-bhutan-first-utility-scale-solar-power-plant (Accessed January 18, 2023).
Business Bhutan, 2022a: 85% of industrial parks complete to diversify economy . https://businessbhutan.bt/85-of-industrial-parks-complete-to-diversify-economy/ (Accessed February 15, 2023).
Business Bhutan, 2022b: Organic farming is not a threat to food security . https://businessbhutan.bt/organic-farming-is-not-a-threat-to-food-security/ (Accessed January 18, 2023).
CEA, 2021: Note on cooperation with Bhutan. https://cea.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/hpi/2021/01/bhutan-12.pdf (Accessed January 18, 2022).
Dept. Renewable Energy, 2019: Energy Efficiency Roadmap. https://www.moea.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/EE-Roadmap-Final.pdf (Accessed October 23, 2020).
Dolkar, D., 2022: PHPA II commissioning delayed by more than a year. Kuensel Online.
DRE–MOEA, 2016: Renewable Energy Master Plan (2017-2032) - Bhutan . https://www.climate-laws.org/geographies/bhutan/policies/renewable-energy-master-plan-2017-2032 (Accessed April 6, 2023).
Feuerbacher, A., J. Luckmann, O. Boysen, S. Zikeli, and H. Grethe, 2018: Is Bhutan destined for 100% organic? Assessing the economy-wide effects of a large-scale conversion policy. PLoS One, 13(6), doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0199025.
Financial Express, 2020: ‘One Sun One World One Grid’’: India initiates talks on West to SE Asia solar grid.’ https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/one-sun-one-world-one-grid-india-initiates-talks-on-west-to-se-asia-solar-grid/1974441/ (Accessed January 18, 2022).
Global Environment Facility, 2017: Bhutan Sustainable Low-emission Urban Transport Systems. https://www.thegef.org/project/bhutan-sustainable-low-emission-urban-transport-systems (Accessed October 17, 2018).
Gütschow, J., A. Günther, and M. Pflüger, 2022: The PRIMAP-Hist national historical emissions time series (1990-2021).
Gyelmo, D., 2020: In photos: Hydropower leaves cracked houses across Bhutan . Third Pole,. https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/energy/in-photos-hydropower-leaves-cracked-houses-across-bhutan/ (Accessed January 19, 2023).
Gyeltshen, N., 2022: Bhutan ramps up its solar energy ambitions . Third Pole,. https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/energy/bhutan-ramps-up-solar-energy-ambitions/ (Accessed November 22, 2022).
Heinrich Böll Stiftung Hong Kong, 2022: Bhutan’s challenges and prospects in becoming a 100% organic country . https://hk.boell.org/en/2022/09/08/bhutans-challenges-and-prospects-becoming-100-organic-country (Accessed January 18, 2023).
IMF, 2022: World Economic Outlook . Int. Monet. Fund,. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2022/01/25/world-economic-outlook-update-january-2022 (Accessed February 1, 2022).
IRENA, 2019: Kingdom of Bhutan: Renewables readiness assessment . www.irena.org (Accessed October 26, 2020).
IRENA, 2021: Energy Profile: Bhutan. https://www.irena.org/IRENADocuments/Statistical_Profiles/Asia/Bhutan_Asia_RE_SP.pdf (Accessed January 18, 2022).
Kuensel Online, 2020: Special loan scheme for electric taxis . https://kuenselonline.com/special-loan-scheme-for-electric-taxis/ (Accessed January 18, 2023).
Kuensel Online, 2021: Diversifying Bhutan’s energy sources by investing in renewable energy | Kuensel Online. https://kuenselonline.com/diversifying-bhutans-energy-sources-by-investing-in-renewable-energy/ (Accessed March 15, 2022).
Kuensel Online, 2022a: Will Bhutan be able to export electricity in the future? . https://kuenselonline.com/will-bhutan-be-able-to-export-electricity-in-the-future/ (Accessed February 15, 2023).
Kuensel Online, 2022b: RSTA resumes emission certificate requirements. https://kuenselonline.com/rsta-resumes-emission-certificate-requirements/.
Kuensel Online, 2022c: 70% of vehicles to be replaced by EVs by 2035 . https://kuenselonline.com/70-of-vehicles-to-be-replaced-by-evs-by-2035/ (Accessed March 15, 2022).
Kuensel Online, 2022d: BES to establish a biogas plant in Memeylakha by next year . https://kuenselonline.com/bes-to-establish-a-biogas-plant-in-memeylakha-by-next-year/ (Accessed February 15, 2023).
Kuensel Online, 2023a: Bhutan could borrow Nu 7.39B more as non-hydro debt this FY . https://kuenselonline.com/bhutan-could-borrow-nu-7-39b-more-as-non-hydro-debt-this-fy/ (Accessed February 15, 2023).
Kuensel Online, 2023b: Construction of first mega solar plant to begin soon . https://kuenselonline.com/construction-of-first-mega-solar-plant-to-begin-soon/ (Accessed March 27, 2023).
Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, 2021: Low Emission Development Strategy for Food Security . https://www.undp.org/bhutan/publications/low-emission-development-strategy-food-security (Accessed June 3, 2022).
Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2019: National Energy Efficiency and conservation Policy. https://www.gnhc.gov.bt/en/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Final-EEC-Policy.pdf (Accessed October 23, 2020).
Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2021a: Low Emission Development Strategy for Industries |. https://www.undp.org/bhutan/publications/low-emission-development-strategy-industries (Accessed June 3, 2022).
Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2021b: Bhutan sustainable hydropower development policy 2021. https://www.moea.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Sustainable-Hydropower-Development-Policy-2021.pdf (Accessed January 19, 2022).
Ministry of Finance, 2020: Budget FY 2020-21. https://www.mof.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/BUDGET2020-21.pdf (Accessed October 23, 2020).
Ministry of Information and Communication, 2021a: Low Emission Development Strategy for Surface Transport 2021. https://www.moic.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Final-LEDS_Surface-Transport.pdf (Accessed January 20, 2022).
Ministry of Information and Communication, 2021b: Inauguration of Electric Vehicle Charging Station at Thimphu – Ministry of Information and Communications. https://www.moic.gov.bt/en/events-inauguration-of-electric-vehicle-charging-station-at-thimphu/ (Accessed March 15, 2022).
Ministry of Information and Communications, 2021: Low Emissions Development Strategy for Surface Transport. https://www.moic.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Final-LEDS_Surface-Transport.pdf (Accessed May 20, 2022).
Ministry of Works and Human Settlement, 2021: Low Emission Development Strategy for Human Settlements . https://www.bt.undp.org/content/bhutan/en/home/library/environment_energy/low-emission-development-strategy-for-human-settlements.html (Accessed January 20, 2022).
MOEA-DHPS, 2019: Power System Master Plan 2040 in Bhutan. https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12326856_01.pdf (Accessed January 18, 2022).
National Environment Commission, 2019: National Waste Management Strategy. http://www.nec.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/NWMS-ENGLISH-VERSION_opt.pdf (Accessed October 23, 2020).
Norbu, N., 2022: Can taxis jump-start Bhutan’s electric car revolution? https://news.trust.org/item/20220518044427-6g24l/ (Accessed January 18, 2023).
ORF, 2022: India-Bhutan hydropower cooperation: Assessing the present scenario . https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/india-bhutan-hydropower-cooperation/ (Accessed February 15, 2023).
Royal Bhutanese Embassy, N. D., 2020: Bhutan-India Hydropower Relations – . https://www.mfa.gov.bt/rbedelhi/bhutan-india-relations/bhutan-india-hydropower-relations/ (Accessed January 18, 2023).
Royal Government of Bhutan, 2020a: Third National Communication to the UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TNC of Bhutan 2020.pdf (Accessed January 19, 2022).
Royal Government of Bhutan, 2020b: Climate Change Policy of the Kingdom of Bhutan 2020. https://www.gnhc.gov.bt/en/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Climate-Change-Policy.pdf (Accessed May 4, 2022).
Royal Government of Bhutan, 2021: Second Nationally Determined Contribution. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Bhutan Second/Second NDC Bhutan.pdf.
Royal Government of Bhutan, 2022: First Biennial Update Report to UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/BhutanBURreport.pdf.
South Asia Monitor, 2021: Driving electric vehicle becomes easier in Bhutan; 21 charging stations installed . https://www.southasiamonitor.org/bhutan/driving-electric-vehicle-becomes-easier-bhutan-21-charging-stations-installed (Accessed January 18, 2023).
The Bhutanese, 2022: Government request GoI for the import of fertilizers at a subsidized rate . https://thebhutanese.bt/government-request-goi-for-the-import-of-fertilizers-at-a-subsidized-rate/ (Accessed February 15, 2023).
UNDP, 2018: Bhutan Sustainable Low Urban Transport Systems . United Nations Dev. Program.,. https://open.undp.org/projects/00094488 (Accessed October 23, 2020).
WWF, 2023: Waste and Climate Change project concludes on a high note . https://www.wwfbhutan.org.bt/?377699/Waste-and-Climate-Change-Project (Accessed February 15, 2023).
Zangpo, T., 2022: Bhutan to explore hydrogen as an alternative fuel source . Kuensel Online,. https://kuenselonline.com/bhutan-to-explore-hydrogen-as-an-alternative-fuel-source/ (Accessed January 18, 2022).