China

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Overall rating: Highly insufficient

Policies and action against modelled domestic pathways: Highly insufficient; < 4°C World

NDC target against modelled domestic pathways: Highly insufficient; < 4°C World

NDC target against fair share: Highly insufficient; < 4°C World

Climate finance: Not assessed

Net zero target: year
before 2060; Comprehensiveness rated as
Poor

Land use & forestry: Not significant

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Asia Pacific Energy (no date) CHINA: Energy Supply and Consumption Revolution Strategy (2016-2030), Asia Pacific Energy. Available at: https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/3587 (Accessed: 6 March 2021)
Bloomberg (2020) China’s 40 Year, Billion Tree Project Is a Lesson for the World, Bloomberg Green. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-14/china-s-40-year-billion-tree-project-is-a-lesson-for-the-world (Accessed: 6 April 2021)
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Guoping, L. and Zou, M. (2022) China’s steelmakers get 5 more years to reach peak carbon output, Caixin. Available at: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Caixin/China-s-steelmakers-get-5-more-years-to-reach-peak-carbon-output (Accessed: 30 March 2022)
Gütschow, J. and Pflüger, M. (2023) ‘The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2022) v2.5’. Zenodo. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10006301
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Howe, C. (2023) ‘China plans to launch inter-provincial power trading by year-end’, Reuters, 2 November. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/china-power-spot-idAFL4N3C30M3
IEA (2021a) An Energy Sector Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality in China. International Energy Agency (IEA). Available at: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9448bd6e-670e-4cfd-953c-32e822a80f77/AnenergysectorroadmaptocarbonneutralityinChina.pdf
IEA (2021b) The Role of China’s ETS in Power Sector Decarbonisation. International Energy Agency (IEA). Available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-chinas-ets-in-power-sector-decarbonisation
IEA (2022a) Global Supply Chains of EV Batteries. Available at: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/4eb8c252-76b1-4710-8f5e-867e751c8dda/GlobalSupplyChainsofEVBatteries.pdf (Accessed: 18 May 2023)
IEA (2022b) World Energy Outlook 2022. Available at: https://www.iea.org/topics/world-energy-outlook (Accessed: 4 January 2023)
IEA (2023a) Global EV Outlook 2023: Catching up with climate ambitions. Available at: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/dacf14d2-eabc-498a-8263-9f97fd5dc327/GEVO2023.pdf (Accessed: 18 May 2023)
IEA (2023b) Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach 2023 Update. Available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-roadmap-a-global-pathway-to-keep-the-15-0c-goal-in-reach
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Interpol (2019) Global Forestry Enforcement
Jones, B. (2022) Past, present and future: The evolution of China’s incredible high-speed rail network, CNN. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/china-high-speed-rail-cmd/index.html (Accessed: 30 March 2022)
Li, M. and Yep, E. (2023) ‘China’s natural gas consumption to grow 5.5%-7% in 2023, reverse 2022 decline: NEA’, S&P Global Commodity Insights, 26 July. Available at: https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/lng/072623-chinas-natural-gas-consumption-to-grow-55-7-in-2023-reverse-2022-decline-nea
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Lin, M.T. (2022) China suggests slower steel decarbonization, but retreat on national climate goals seen unlikely, S&P Global. Available at: https://cleanenergynews.ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/china-suggests-slower-steel-decarbonization-but-retreat-on-nat.html (Accessed: 30 March 2022)
Liqiang, H. (2023) Wind and solar targets may be achieved early, China Daily. Available at: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202304/04/WS642b7d4ca31057c47ebb8387.html (Accessed: 27 April 2023)
Liu, H. and You, X. (2021) Q&A: What does China’s new Paris Agreement pledge mean for climate change?, Carbon Brief. Available at: https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-what-does-chinas-new-paris-agreement-pledge-mean-for-climate-change (Accessed: 30 March 2022)
Lutsey, N., Cui, H. and Yu, R. (2021) Evaluating electric vehicle costs and benefits in China in the 2020-2035 time frame
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Reuters (2023) ‘China expects to OK 6-8 nuclear power units per year in green energy drive’, Reuters.com, 27 September. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/china-expects-ok-6-8-nuclear-power-units-per-year-green-energy-drive-2023-09-27/
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SASAC (2021) Notice on Printing and Distributing the ‘Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Central Enterprises and Doing a Good Job in Carbon Neutralization’ (Chinese), State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council of China. Available at: http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588035/c22499825/content.html (Accessed: 19 March 2022)
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