Peru

Andina, A. (2024, July). Foreign companies seek to invest more than US$ 12.5 billion in new hydrogen plants in Peru. AméricaEconomía. http://www.americaeconomia.com/en/node/287571

APEC Energy Working Group. (2024). Peer Review on Low-Carbon Energy Policies in Peru. APEC. https://aperc.or.jp/file/2024/9/27/224_ewg_peer-review-on-low-carbon-energy-policies-in-peru.pdf

APERC. (2022). APEC Energy Demand and Supply Outlook (8th Edition) (No. Volume II). APEC. https://www.apec.org/publications/2022/09/apec-energy-demand-and-supply-outlook-(8th-edition)---volume-ii

Baker McKenzie. (2024a). Regulation | Peru | Global Sustainable Buildings Guide. Baker McKenzie Resource Hub. https://resourcehub.bakermckenzie.com/en/resources/global-sustainable-buildings/latin-america/peru/topics/regulation

Baker McKenzie. (2024b, March). Peru: Government publishes Law for the promotion of Green Hydrogen. https://insightplus.bakermckenzie.com/bm/energy-mining-infrastructure_1/peru-government-publishes-law-for-the-promotion-of-green-hydrogen

BNamericas. (2024a, November). Chugging along: The rail projects Peru plans for the medium and long term. https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/chugging-along-the-rail-projects-peru-plans-for-the-medium-and-long-term

BNamericas. (2024b, December). Peru extends renewable energy tax break to 2030. https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/peru-extends-renewable-energy-tax-break-to-2030

BNamericas. (2024c, December). Peru looks to streamline environmental permi... https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/peru-looks-to-streamline-environmental-permitting-in-power-sector

BNamericas. (2025). MINEM installs Working Group that will design the National Energy Policy to 2050. BNamericas. https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/minem-installs-working-group-that-will-design-the-national-energy-policy-by-2050

Boehm, S., Jeffery, L., Hecke, J., Schumer, C., Jaeger, J., Fyson, C., Levin, K., Nilsson, A., Naimoli, S., Daly, E., Thwaites, J., Lebling, K., Waite, R., Collis, J., Sims, M., Singh, N., Grier, E., Lamb, W., Castellanos, S., … Masterson, M. (2023). State of Climate Action 2023. Bezos Earth Fund, Climate Action Tracker, Climate Analytics, ClimateWorks Foundation, NewClimate Institute, the United Nations Climate Change High-Level Champions, and World Resources Institute. https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/1179/State_of_Climate_Action_2023_-_November_2023.pdf

Castro, A. (2024, January 14). Los pedidos empresariales e inconsistencias detrás de los cambios en la Ley Forestal. Ojo Público. https://ojo-publico.com/ambiente/los-pedidos-empresariales-detras-los-cambios-la-ley-forestal

Climate Action Tracker. (2023). Pulling the plug on fossils in power. https://climateactiontracker.org/publications/pulling-the-plug-on-fossils-in-power/

Cox, S. (2019). Technical Potential of Solar in Peru Using the Renewable Energy Data Explorer. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/73941.pdf

Cristóbal, J., Vázquez-Rowe, I., Margallo, M., Ita-Nagy, D., Ziegler-Rodriguez, K., Laso, J., Ruiz-Salmón, I., Kahhat, R., & Aldaco, R. (2022). Climate change mitigation potential of transitioning from open dumpsters in Peru: Evaluation of mitigation strategies in critical dumpsites. Science of The Total Environment, 846, 157295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157295

Debre, I. (2024, November 15). With Peru in the global spotlight for APEC, so is one of the world’s least popular presidents. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/lima-peru-protests-dina-boluarte-government-apec-biden-xi-f5b0ea4611ab7b49e2e3d35c4a778412

EIA US. (2024). Carving Up the Amazon. https://eia.org/report/carving-up-the-amazon/

Ember. (2025). Electricity Data Explorer. https://ember-climate.org/data/data-tools/data-explorer/

Enerdata. (2024a, December 18). Peru amends its electricity generation law to allow all-technology supply tenders. https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/peru-amends-its-electricity-generation-law-allow-all-technology-supply-tenders.html

Enerdata. (2024b, December 18). Peru amends its electricity generation law to allow all-technology supply tenders | Enerdata [2024]. https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/peru-amends-its-electricity-generation-law-allow-all-technology-supply-tenders.html

EPA. (2019). Non-CO₂ Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections & Mitigation [Reports and Assessments]. https://www.epa.gov/global-mitigation-non-co2-greenhouse-gases

European Commission. Joint Research Centre. & IEA. (2024). GHG emissions of all world countries. (No. EDGARv4.tox2) [Dataset]. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/4002897

FAO. (2023). Peru. FAOSTAT. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#country/170

Fonti, A. (2024, July 3). BYD plan: Government designs “tailor-made laws” for eMobility investments in Peru. Mobility Portal. https://mobilityportal.eu/government-designs-laws-emobility-peru/

Foundation for Climate Protection & and Carbon Offset KliK. (2025). Launch of Peruvian-Swiss climate action under the Paris Agreement. https://www.klik.ch/en/news/news-article/launch-of-peruvian-swiss-climate-action/

Freedom House. (2025). Peru: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report. https://freedomhouse.org/country/peru/freedom-world/2024

Gaillard, C. (n.d.). [Hot climates—Dossier] #17—Sustainable construction in Peru between informality, unskilled labour, self-construction and corruption. Construction21.Org. Retrieved May 26, 2025, from https://www.construction21.org/articles/h/sustainable-construction-in-peru-between-informality-unskilled-labour-self-construction-and-corruption.html

García, M. (2025, April). Inversión minera en Perú: Panorama 2025/2026. EY. https://www.ey.com/es_pe/insights/mining-metals/mining-metals-investment-guide

Global Energy Monitor. (2025a). Global Oil and Gas Plant Tracker. January 2025 release. Global Energy Monitor. https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-coal-plant-tracker/

Global Energy Monitor. (2025b, January). Global Solar Power Tracker. https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-solar-power-tracker/

Global Energy Monitor. (2025c, January). Global Wind Power Tracker. https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-wind-power-tracker/

Global Forest Watch. (2025). Peru. https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/PER/?category=forest-change&location=WyJjb3VudHJ5IiwiUEVSIl0%3D

Gobierno del Perú. (2019). Decreto Supremo Que Crea El Programa Nacional de Transporte Urbano Sostenible. https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/decreto-supremo-que-crea-el-programa-nacional-de-transporte-decreto-supremo-n-027-2019-mtc-1792885-4/

Gobierno del Perú. (2020a). Contribuciones Determinadas a Nivel Nacional Del Perú. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Reporte%20de%20Actualizacio%CC%81n%20de%20las%20NDC%20del%20Peru%CC%81.pdf

Gobierno del Perú. (2020b). Decreto Legislativo que establece un régimen especial de depreciación y modifica plazos de depreciación. Testimony of Government of Peru. https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/decreto-legislativo-que-establece-un-regimen-especial-de-dep-decreto-legislativo-n-1488-1866210-6/

Government of Peru. (2024). 2024 Biennial Transparency Report (BTR). https://unfccc.int/documents/645280

Group Credit Agricole. (2025). Economic and political overview in Peru. https://international.groupecreditagricole.com/en/international-support/peru/economic-overview?

Gütschow, J., Busch, D., & Pflüger, M. (2024). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2023) v2.6.

H2 Peru. (2022). Resumen Ejecutivo—Bases y recomendaciones para la elaboración de la Estrategia de Hidrógeno Verde en el Perú.

Haczek, Á. R. (2025, May 18). Secret nose job allegations, ‘Rolexgate,’ and the curse of the Peruvian presidency. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/18/americas/boluarte-nose-surgery-rolex-peru-presidency-intl-latam

Huang, L. (2023, May 4). Intense droughts show fragility of Peru’s energy sector. Dialogue Earth. https://dialogue.earth/en/energy/368059-peru-drought-shows-fragility-of-energy-sector/

IEA. (2017). Politica Energetica Nacional del Peru 2010-2040. IEA / IRENA Policy and Measures Database. https://www.iea.org/policies/6307-national-energy-plan-for-2010-2040-politica-energetica-nacional-del-peru-2010-2040

IEA. (2021). Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector.

IEA. (2025). Peru. IEA. https://www.iea.org/countries/peru/emissions

International Court of Justice. (2025). Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change—The Court gives its Advisory Opinion and responds to the questions posed by the General Assembly.

Kavitha. (2024, July). Phelan Green Energy to Build $2.3 Billion Green Hydrogen Plant in La Joya, Peru. SolarQuarter. https://solarquarter.com/2024/07/10/phelan-green-energy-to-build-2-3-billion-green-hydrogen-plant-in-la-joya-peru/

KfW. (2024). Ecological homes for poor families. https://www.kfw-entwicklungsbank.de/Partner-countries/Latin-America-and-the-Caribbean/Project-information-Peru-Energy-efficient-construction/

Killeen, T. J. (2024, February 8). A particular agrarian reform process in Peru | Chapter 4 of “A Perfect Storm in the Amazon.” Mongabay Environmental News. https://news.mongabay.com/2024/02/a-particular-agrarian-reform-process-in-peru-chapter-4-of-a-perfect-storm-in-the-amazon/

MINAM. (2022, January). Decreto Supremo que declara de interés nacional la emergencia climática—DECRETO SUPREMO - N° 003-2022-MINAM - AMBIENTE. Gobierno del Peru. https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2033317-1

MINAM. (2023). Plan Nacional de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos. https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/5605818/4973970-planres-2do-entregable-para-publicar-en-web-minam-27-12-2023_scc.pdf?v=1703715147

MINAM. (2024, November 24). Decreto Supremo N.° 012-2024-MINAM. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minam/normas-legales/6228754-012-2024-minam

MINAM. (2025). Estrategia Nacional ante Cambio Climático al 2050. Government of Peru. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minam/informes-publicaciones/6562767-resumen-ejecutivo-de-la-politica-nacional-estrategia-nacional-ante-cambio-climatico-al-2050

MINEM. (2024, March). Decreto Supremo N.° 036-2023-EM. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minem/normas-legales/5325447-036-2023-em

MInistry of Trade and Industry Singapore. (2025). Singapore Signs Implementation Agreement On Carbon Credits Collaboration With Peru. https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2025/04/Singapore-Signs-Implementation-Agreement-On-Carbon-Credits-Collaboration-With-Peru

Mongabay. (2021). Behind grand declarations at COP26, a long track record of failure. https://news.mongabay.com/2021/11/behind-grand-declarations-at-cop26-a-long-track-record-of-failure/

OEC. (2025). Peru (PER) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. https://oec.world/en/profile/country/per

Perú Energía. (2022, July 25). Gobierno aprueba contrato de licencia para explotación de Lote 192 por Petroperú. https://peruenergia.com.pe/gobierno-aprueba-contrato-de-licencia-para-explotacion-de-lote-192-por-petroperu/

Peru Energia. (2022a, July 25). Gobierno aprueba contrato de licencia para explotación de lote 192 por petroperú.

Peru Energia. (2022b, August 2). Perú tendrá su primer proyecto de h2 verde en el sur.

PetroPeru. (2025). HC Proyección producción. https://www.perupetro.com.pe/wps/wcm/connect/corporativo/440b7880-e8df-4067-b845-d4345ea2d645/Pron%C3%B3stico+de+Producci%C3%B3n+de+Hidrocarburos+2024-2028.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&Pronosticos%20de%20Hidrocarburos%20Liquidos_2023

Praeli, Y. S. (2021, October 7). Perú alcanza cifra de deforestación más alta en los últimos 20 años. Noticias ambientales. https://es.mongabay.com/2021/10/peru-aumenta-deforestacion-cifras-bosques/

Praeli, Y. S. (2024, August 1). No plans, no progress make Peru’s energy transition uncertain. Mongabay Environmental News. https://news.mongabay.com/2024/08/no-plans-no-progress-make-perus-energy-transition-uncertain/

ProInversion. (2023). Peru: MEF Says Natural Gas Will Reach the Entire South of the Country. https://www.investinperu.pe/en/invest/detalle-noticia/peru-mef-says-natural-gas-will-reach-the-entire-s

Quirós-Tortos, J., Godinez, G., Ugarte, D. D. L. T., Heros, C., Lazo, J. G. L., Ruiz, E., Quispe, B., Canseco, D. D., Garro, F., Mora, J., Eguren, L., Sandoval, M., Campos, S., Salmeri, M., Baron, R., Fernández-Baca, J., Fukushima, A. S. I., Saavedra, V., & Vogt-Schilb, A. (2021). Costos y beneficios de la carbono-neutralidad en Perú: Una evaluación robusta (Perú). Inter-American Development Bank. https://publications.iadb.org/es/costos-y-beneficios-de-la-carbono-neutralidad-en-peru-una-evaluacion-robusta

Roy, D. (2022). Why Was Peru’s President Impeached? Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/why-was-perus-president-impeached

Selibas, D. (2024, February 8). Report shows Peru failed to stop Amazon deforestation for palm oil and cacao. Mongabay Environmental News. https://news.mongabay.com/2024/02/report-shows-peru-failed-to-stop-amazon-deforestation-for-palm-oil-and-cacao/

SINIA. (2020). Decreto Supremo que aprueba el Reglamento de la Ley No 30754, Ley Marco sobre Cambio Climático. Ministerio del Ambiente, Peru. https://sinia.minam.gob.pe/normas/decreto-supremo-que-aprueba-reglamento-ley-no-30754-ley-marco-cambio

SLOCAT. (2023). Peru (Transport, Climate and Sustainability Status Report). https://tcc-gsr.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Peru.pdf

Teodoro, R. (2025). PetroTal Aims to Increase Production in Peru. https://www.rigzone.com/news/petrotal_aims_to_increase_production_in_peru-22-jan-2025-179358-article/

TransportPolicy. (2024). Peru: Light-duty: Emissions. https://www.transportpolicy.net/standard/peru-light-duty-emissions/

UN Climate Change Conference. (2021). Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use—UN Climate Change Conference (COP26). https://ukcop26.org/glasgow-leaders-declaration-on-forests-and-land-use/

World Bank. (2023). Forest area (% of land area). World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org

World Bank Group. (2022). Decarbonization of MIning in Peru: A background note (Country Climate and Development Report). World Bank Group. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099220112062230081/pdf/P177137096c6550f70866108814dc2907b4.pdf