Brazil

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Overall rating: Insufficient

Policies and action against modelled domestic pathways: Insufficient; < 3°C World

NDC target against modelled domestic pathways: Almost Sufficient; < 2°C World

NDC target against fair share: Insufficient; < 3°C World

Climate finance: Not applicable

Net zero target: year
2050; Comprehensiveness not rated as
Information incomplete

Land use & forestry: historically considered a
Source

List of references

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ANP. (2020). Dados estatísticos: Vendas de derivados de petróleo e etanol. Retrieved from http://www.anp.gov.br/dados-estatisticos
Araújo, G. (2021, July). Brazil raises mandatory biodiesel blend to 12%, below expectations. Reuters News.
ARGUS media (2021). Brazil auction brings LNG-to-power with high costs. https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2268732-brazil-auction-brings-lngtopower-with-high-costs
Azevedo-Ramos, C., Moutinho, P., Laísa, V., Arruda, S., Stabile, M. C. C., Alencar, A., … Ribeiro, P. (2020). Lawless land in no man’s land: The undesignated public forests in the Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Policy, 99, 104863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104863
Brito, B. (2021). Brazil’s Amazon Is Under Threat from Proposed Land-Use Laws. Americas Quarterly. https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/brazils-amazon-is-under-threat-from-proposed-land-use-laws/
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Ionova, A. (2021). As soy frenzy grips Brazil, deforestation closes in on Indigenous lands. Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2021/07/as-soy-frenzy-grips-brazil-deforestation-closes-in-on-indigenous-lands/
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MAPA, M. of A. livestock and F. S. (2021). ABC+ Plan for Adaptation and low carbon Emission in Agriculture - Strategic vision for a new cycle. https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/sustentabilidade/plano-abc/arquivo-publicacoes-plano-abc/abc-english.pdf.
Ministério da Ciência Tecnologia Inovações e Comunicações Brasil. (2017). Contribuição do MCTIC para a elaboração da estratégia de implementação da Contribuição Nacionalmente Determinada do Brasil ao Acordo de Paris (Vol. 5, Issue 2001).
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Ministerio de Minas Energia do Brasil. (2021). CNPE reduz de 13% para 10% a adição de biodiesel ao óleo diesel. MME Noticias.
Ministério de Minas e Energia. (2021). Ten-Year Energy Expansion Plan (PDE) 2031. https://www.epe.gov.br/sites-en/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/Paginas/PDE-2031---English-Version.aspx
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Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation of Brazil. (2020). Fourth National Communication of Brazil to the UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/4a Comunicacao Nacional.pdf
Mongabay. (2019). In surprise move, Brazil has removed restrictions on Amazon sugarcane production. Mongabay. Retrieved from https://news.mongabay.com/2019/11/in-a-surprise-move-even-to-the-sugarcane-industry-president-bolsonaro-has-removed-restrictions-on-sugarcane-production-in-the-brazilian-amazon-experts-expect-land-speculators-to-benefit/
Mongabay. (2020a). Brazil’s past finance ministers defend environment against Bolsonaro. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://news.mongabay.com/2020/07/brazils-past-finance-ministers-defend-environment-against-bolsonaro/
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Mongabay. (2020c). International investors urge Brazil to take real action to stop deforestation. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://news.mongabay.com/2020/07/international-investors-urge-brazil-to-take-real-action-to-stop-deforestation/
Morais, L. (2021). Brazil sets price caps for Oct 25 reserve energy auction. Renewables Now. https://renewablesnow.com/news/brazil-sets-price-caps-for-oct-25-reserve-energy-auction-756402/
Neves, R. (2022). Sob Bolsonaro, Amazônia viu subir desmatamento, garimpo e violência... - . UOL noticias.
New Climate Institute. (2020). Changes in the biodiesel blending mandate 2020-2023 (Brazil). Climate Policy Database.
Observatório do Clima. (2018, August 9). Emissões do Brasil não justificam otimismo com meta de 2020. Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/emissoes-brasil-nao-justificam-otimismo-com-meta-de-2020/
Observatório do Clima. (2019a). Forest Facts: myths about land use in Brazil, debunked. Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pX9s_eznvpY
Observatório do Clima. (2019b). Is Brazil on its way to meet its climate targets? Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Is-Brazil-on-the-way-to-meet-its-climate-targets_-1.pdf
Observatório do Clima. (2019c, April 12). Bolsonaro inaugura era da multa zero. Retrieved May 3, 2019, from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/bolsonaro-multa-zero/
Observatório do Clima. (2019d, April 12). Revogaço reafirma incompetência de Bolsonaro e pode dar prejuízo ao país. Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/revogaco-pode-dar-prejuizo-ao-pais/
Observatório do Clima. (2019e, August 29). Brasil perdeu 2,5 Alemanhas em florestas em 33 anos. Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/brasil-perdeu-25-alemanhas-em-florestas-em-34-anos/
Observatório do Clima. (2020a). How threatened is the environment under the bolsonaro administration, so far? A brief context about environmental policy in brazil, sixteen months into the bolsonaro administration. Retrieved from http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Doc-Response-OC2.pdf
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Observatório do Clima. (2021). Civil society organizations reject the Ministry of Economy’s anti-environment package.
Offshore Technology. (2021). Brazil and Argentina in talks on billion-dollar gas pipeline project. Offshore-Technology.Com. https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/brazil-argentina-gas-pipeline/
PetroNoticias. (2020). 10 YEAR ENERGY PLAN PROVIDES RESOURCES UP TO $ 454 BILLION AND 39 NEW PLATFORMS BY 2030 IN BRAZIL. Brazil Energy Insight. https://brazilenergyinsight.com/2020/12/15/10-year-energy-plan-provides-resources-up-to-454-billion-and-39-new-platforms-by-2030-in-brazil/
Pierry, F. (2021). Brazil pushing gas-fired power as hydro sources dry up. Argus Media. https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2203894-brazil-pushing-gasfired-power-as-hydro-sources-dry-up
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Rajão, B. R., Soares-filho, B., Nunes, F., Börner, J., Machado, L., Assis, D., … Gibbs, H. (2020). The rotten apples of Brazil’s agribusiness, 0–3.
Rochedo, P. R. R., Soares-Filho, B., Schaeffer, R., Viola, E., Szklo, A., Lucena, A. F. P., Koberle, A., Davis, J. L., Rajão, R., & Rathmann, R. (2018). The threat of political bargaining to climate mitigation in Brazil. Nature Climate Change, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0213-y
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