Japan

Overall rating
Insufficient

Policies and action
against modelled domestic pathways

Insufficient
< 3°C World

NDC target
against modelled domestic pathways

Almost Sufficient
< 2°C World

NDC target
against fair share

Insufficient
< 3°C World
Climate finance
Highly insufficient
Net zero target

year

2050

Comprehensiveness rated as

Poor
Land use & forestry
Not significant

References

  • Asano, K., & Obane, H. (2020). 2030 nen ni okeru saisei kanou enerugii dounyuuryou to kaitori sougaku no suikei [Estimation of renewable energy deployment and the total cost in 2030]. Report No. Y19514. In Japanese. Central Research Instittue of Electric Power Industry.
  • BloombergNEF. (2022). Japan ’ s Costly Ammonia Coal Strategy. Bloomberg Finance L.P. https://about.bnef.com/blog/japans-ammonia-coal-co-firing-strategy-a-costly-approach-to-decarbonization-renewables-present-more-economic-alternative/
  • Carty, T., Kowalzig, J., & Zagema, B. (2020). Climate Finance Shadow Report 2020: Assessing progress towards the $100 billion commitment.
  • CAS. (2022). GX jikkou kaigi ni okeru giron no ronten [Discussion Points for GX Implementation Council]. Cabinet Secretariat of Japan. https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/gx_jikkou_kaigi/dai1/siryou3.pdf
  • Christoph Bals, K. M. and E. B. (2022, May 25). OPINION : G7 must seize opportunity to shift public finance from conflict- fuelling gas into clean energy. Thomson Reuters Foundation News, May 2022, 1–12. https://news.trust.org/item/20220525064817-1fvro/
  • Climate Action Tracker. (2021). 1.5°C-consistent benchmarks for enhancing Japan’s 2030 climate target. Climate Action Tracker (Climate Analytics, NewClimate Institute). https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/841/2021_03_CAT_1.5C-consistent_benchmarks_Japan_NDC.pdf
  • COAG Energy Council. (2019). Australia’s National Hydrogen Strategy. Council of Australian Governments Energy Council. https://www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/australias-national-hydrogen-strategy
  • DeAngelis, K., & Tucker, B. (2020). Adding fuel to the fire: export credit agencies and fossil fuel finance. Friends of the Earth United States, Oil Change International. http://priceofoil.org/content/uploads/2020/01/2020.01.30_Adding-Fuel-to-the-Fire_final.pdf
  • EndCoal. (2020). Global Coal Public Finance Tracker. Last updated: July 2020. EndCoal. https://endcoal.org/global-coal-finance-tracker/
  • G7. (2021). G7 Summit Communiqué: Our Shared Agenda for Global Action to Build Back Better. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/50361/carbis-bay-g7-summit-communique.pdf
  • G7. (2022). G7 Leaders’ Communiqué (Issue June). G7. https://www.g7germany.de/resource/blob/974430/2062292/9c213e6b4b36ed1bd687e82480040399/2022-07-14-leaders-communique-data.pdf?download=1
  • GIO. (2022). The GHG Emissions Data of Japan (1990-2020). https://www.nies.go.jp/gio/en/archive/ghgdata/jqjm1000000p51ed-att/L5-7gas_2020-GIOweb_1.0.xlsx
  • Government of Japan. (2021a). Chikyuu ondanka taisaku keikaku [Global Warming Countermeasure Plan]. http://www.env.go.jp/earth/211022/mat01.pdf
  • Government of Japan. (2021b). Japan’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Government of Japan.
  • Government of Japan. (2021c). The Long-Term Strategy under the Paris Agreement. October 2021 (Cabinet decision, October 22, 2021). Government of Japan. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Japan_LTS2021.pdf
  • Government of Japan. (2022). 2022 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/documents/461932
  • Gunia, A. (2022, January 28). Australia Just Exported Its First Batch of Fuel That Doesn’t Emit CO2. There’s Just One Catch. TIME, 1–5. https://time.com/6139820/liquid-hdyrogen-shipment-hesc/
  • IEA. (2021a). Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. International Energy Agency (IEA).
  • IEA. (2021b). World Energy Outlook 2021. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2021
  • IEA. (2022). World Energy Balances (2022 edition). International Energy Agency.
  • JAIF. (2022). Current Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Japan as of 7 September, 2022. Japan Atomic Industrial Forum. https://www.jaif.or.jp/cms_admin/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/jp-npps-operation20210406_en.pdf
  • JBC. (2022a). Can ammonia really help Japan decarbonize? Japan Beyond Coal. https://beyond-coal.jp/en/news/greenwash-ammonia/
  • JBC. (2022b). JBC Coal Plant Data Summary. Japan Beyond Coal. https://beyond-coal.jp/beyond-coal/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/JBC-data-for-summary_202209_en.pdf
  • JERA. (2020). 2050 nen ni okeru zero emisshyon e no chousen ni tsuite. https://www.jera.co.jp/information/20201013_539
  • JISF. (2018). JISF long-term vision for climate change mitigation A challenge towards zero-carbon steel. Japan Iron and Steel Federation. http://www.jisf.or.jp/en/activity/climate/documents/JISFLong-termvisionforclimatechangemitigation_text.pdf
  • JISF. (2021). Wagakuni no 2050nen carbon neutral ni kansuru nihon tekkougyou no kihon houshin [Basic policy of the Japanese iron and steel industry in relation to our nation’s 2050 carbon neutrality goal]. Japan Iron and Steel Federation. https://www.jisf.or.jp/news/topics/documents/CN2050.pdf
  • Keidanren. (2013). Keidanren teisanso shakai jikkou keikaku [Keidanren’s Commitment to a Low Carbon Society]. Revised on 26.04.2019. Keidanren. http://www.keidanren.or.jp/policy/2013/003.html
  • Keidanren. (2020). Challenge Zero. Keidanren. https://www.challenge-zero.jp/en/
  • Keidanren. (2021). 2020 nendo teitansoshakai jikkoukeikaku hyoukahoukokusho [FY2020 Low Carbon Society Action Plan: Third-Party Evaluation Committee Evaluation Report]. Keidanren. https://www.keidanren.or.jp/policy/2021/033.html
  • Kiko Network. (2021). Issues related to Hydrogen and Ammonia Power Generation : expanding fossil fuel extraction and preserving coal and LNG thermal power [Suiso・Ammonia Hatsuden no kadai: kasekinenryou sakutsu wo kakudai sase sekitan・LNG karyoku wo onzon saseru sentakushi]. Kiko Network. https://www.kikonet.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/posision-paper-hydrogen-ammonia_rev2.pdf
  • Kumagai, T. (2022, May 30). Japan remains committed with public support for upstream developments after G7 pledge. S&P Global. https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/blogs/lng/101822-ctracker-us-lng-oil-tanker-freight-france-nuclear-strikes-winter-gas-power-burn
  • Kuramochi, T., Höhne, N., Schaeffer, M., Cantzler, J., Hare, B., Deng, Y., Sterl, S., Hagemann, M., Rocha, M., Yanguas-Parra, P. A., Mir, G.-U.-R., Wong, L., El-Laboudy, T., Wouters, K., Deryng, D., & Blok, K. (2018). Ten key short-term sectoral benchmarks to limit warming to 1.5°C. Climate Policy, 18(3), 287–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2017.1397495
  • METI; MOEJ. (2021). Reiwa 2nendo no furon haishutuyokuseihou ni motoduku gyoumuyou reitoukuuchoukiki karano furonrui jyuutenryou oyobi kaishuutou no shuukeikekka ni tsuite [Results of the Total Amount of Fluorocarbons Filled and Recovered from Commercial Refrigeration and Ai. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and Ministry of the Environment, Japan. https://www.env.go.jp/press/110357.html
  • METI; MOEJ. (2022). ZEH no fukyuu sokushin ni muketa seisaku doukou to reiwa 4nendo no kanrenyosanan [Policy Trends for the Promotion of ZEH and Budget Proposal for FY2022]. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and Ministry of the Environment, Japan (MOEJ). https://www.mlit.go.jp/jutakukentiku/house/content/001474255.pdf
  • METI. (2017). Basic Hydrogen Strategy. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan.
  • METI. (2018a). Collection of Reports under Article 3 of the Supplementary Provisions of the Act Partially Amending the Act on the Protection of the Ozone Layer through the Control of Specified Substances and Other Measures. http://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2018/0710_002.html
  • METI. (2018b). Strategic Energy Plan (Provisional Translation). Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. http://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2018/pdf/0703_002c.pdf
  • METI. (2019a). Cabinet Orders concerning the Act of Promoting Utilization of Sea Areas in Development of Power Generation Facilities Using Maritime Renewable Energy Resources Approved. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2019/0315_003.html
  • METI. (2019b). The Strategic Road Map for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - Industry-academia-government action plan to realize a “ Hydrogen Society .” Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2019/pdf/0312_002b.pdf
  • METI. (2020). Summary minutes of the 2nd meeting of the Evaluation Working Group on the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Strategic Roadmap. 8 June, 2020. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/energy_environment/suiso_nenryo/roadmap_hyoka_wg/pdf/002_gijiyoshi.pdf
  • METI. (2021a). Anteiteki na enerugii jyukyuu kouzou no kakuritsu wo hakaru tameno enerugii no shiyou no gourikatou ni kansuru houritu tou no ichibu wo kaiseisuru houritsuan no gaiyou [Outline of the Proposed law to revise the Act on the Rational Use of Energy, etc. for. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/03/20220301002/20220301002-1.pdf
  • METI. (2021b). Cabinet Decision on the Sixth Strategic Energy Plan. 22 October. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2021/1022_002.html
  • METI. (2021c). Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/english/policy/energy_environment/global_warming/ggs2050/index.html
  • METI. (2021d). Outline of Strategic Energy Plan. Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan.
  • METI. (2021e). Sekitan karyoku kentou working group chuukan torimatome (an) gaiyou [Working Group for Coal-Fired Power Interim Summary (Draft)]. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/enecho/denryoku_gas/denryoku_gas/sekitan_karyoku_wg/pdf/008_03_00.pdf
  • METI. (2022a). About GX League. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://gx-league.go.jp/#aboutgxleague
  • METI. (2022b). Japan’s Vision and Actions toward Hydrogen Economy. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.eu-japan.eu/sites/default/files/imce/METI Hiroki Yoshida 2022.5.25.pdf
  • METI. (2022c). Kongo no saiseikanou enerugii seisaku ni tsuite [Future Renewable Energy Policy]. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/enecho/denryoku_gas/saisei_kano/pdf/040_01_00.pdf
  • METI. (2022d). Saranaru ZEB·ZEH-M no fukyu sokushin ni muketa ZEB·ZEH-M iinkai no kongo ni tsuite [Future of the ZEB and ZEH-M Committee to further promote ZEB and ZEH-M]. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj7uO6s2rT6AhWT7aQKHRLzAzQQFnoECAgQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enecho.meti.go.jp%2Fcategory%2Fsaving_and_new%2Fsaving%2Fenterprise%2Fsupport%2Fpdf%2Fzeb-zeh-m.pdf&usg=AOv
  • METI, & MOEJ. (2021). Daitai Furon ni kansuru joukyou to genkou no torikumi ni tsuite [Status quo on Freon substitutes current measures]. 26 April 2021. In Japanese. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and Ministry of the Environment, Japan. https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/sankoshin/seizo_sangyo/kagaku_busshitsu/flon_godo/pdf/010_01_00.pdf
  • MLIT. (2022). Kenchikubutsu no enerugii shouhiseinou no koujyou ni kansuru houritsu tou no ichibu wo kaiseisuru houritu [Act for Partial Revision of the Act on the Improvement of Energy Consumption Performance of Buildings etc]. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. https://www.mlit.go.jp/jutakukentiku/build/jutakukentiku_house_tk_000163.html
  • MOEJ. (2016a). Chikyuu ondaka taisaku keikaku ni okeru taisaku no sakugenryou no konkyo [Background documentation on the emissions reductions under the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures]. In Japanese. Minsitry of the Environment, Japan. https://www.env.go.jp/content/900447149.pdf
  • MOEJ. (2016b). Overview of the Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures,Cabinet decision on May 13, 2016. Ministry of the Environment, Japan. https://www.env.go.jp/press/files/en/676.pdf
  • National network of legal teams for nuclear phase-out. (2020). Overview of court cases. Last updated 7 July, 2020. Datsu Genpatsu Bengodan Zenkoku Renrakukai (National network of legal teams for nuclear phase-out). http://www.datsugenpatsu.org/bengodan/list/
  • NHK. (2021, January 18). Zenbun: Suga shushou shisei hoshin enzetsu [Full text: Prime Minister Suga’s policy speech]. https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210118/k10012820521000.html
  • Nikkei Asia. (2022, June 23). Japan halts aid for coal-fired plants in Indonesia, Bangladesh. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Environment/Climate-Change/Japan-halts-aid-for-coal-fired-plants-in-Indonesia-Bangladesh
  • Obayashi, B. Y. (2022). Hooked on coal for power, Japan aims for ammonia fix | Reuters. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/hooked-coal-power-japan-aims-ammonia-fix-2021-10-29/
  • OECD. (2022). Climate-related Development Finance Data. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-topics/climate-change.htm
  • Prime Minister’s Office of Japan. (2022). Speech by Prime Minister KISHIDA Fumio at the New York Stock Exchange. https://japan.kantei.go.jp/101_kishida/statement/202209/_00009.html
  • Reidy, B. Y. G. (2022). Can the Japanese learn to love nuclear power again? The Japan Times.
  • Reynolds, I. (2021, November 2). Japan’s Kishida Pledges Up to $10 Billion in New Climate Finance. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-02/japan-s-kishida-pledges-up-to-10-billion-in-new-climate-finance
  • Sheldrick, A. (2021, April 19). Toyota to review climate stance as investors turn up the heat. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/toyota-review-climate-stance-investors-turn-up-heat-2021-04-19/
  • Stocks, M., Fazeli, R., Hughes, L., & Beck, F. J. (2022). Global emissions implications from co-combusting ammonia in coal fired power stations: An analysis of the Japan-Australia supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 336(April 2021), 130092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130092
  • The Japan Times. (2022a). Japan joins G7 peers with vow to stop fossil-fuel financing abroad by end of 2022. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/05/27/business/g7-fossil-fuel-financing/
  • The Japan Times. (2022b). Tokyo plans to require that new homes have solar panels from 2025. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/09/09/national/tokyo-solar-panel-new-homes/
  • Trencher, G., Downie, C., Hasegawa, K., & Asuka, J. (2020). Divestment trends in Japan’s international coal businesses. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 124(May 2019), 109779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109779
  • UN DESA. (2022). World Population Prospects 2022. United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs Population Division. https://population.un.org/wpp/
  • Urgewald. (2022). Who Is Still Financing the Global Coal Industry?: New Research Reveals Banks and Investors Behind the World’s Worst Climate Offenders. Urgewald. https://www.urgewald.org/en/medien/who-still-financing-global-coal-industry
  • Yamazaki, M., & Abnett, K. (2022, June 27). Exclusive: Japan pushes to remove zero-emission vehicle target from G7 statement, draft shows. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/exclusive-japan-pushes-remove-zero-emission-vehicle-target-g7-statement-draft-2022-06-27/

Latest publications

Stay informed

Subscribe to our newsletter