Singapore

Overall rating: Critically insufficient

Policies & actions: Highly insufficient; < 4°C World

Domestic target: Critically insufficient; 4°C+ World

Fair share target: Critically insufficient; 4°C+ World

Climate finance: Not assessed

Net zero target: year
2060; Comprehensiveness not rated as
Assessment in progress

Land use & forestry: Not significant

List of references

ABC News. (2020, March 31). These five strategies have helped Singapore fight off the coronavirus outbreak. Can they keep it at bay? . Retrieved May 12, 2020, from ABC News website: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-31/coronavirus-singapore-how-it-fought-the-virus/12100072
Ang, P. (2019). Floating solar panel systems at Bedok, Lower Seletar reservoirs operational middle of 2020. The Strait Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/floating-solar-panel-systems-at-bedok-lower-seletar-reservoirs-operational
APERC. (2015). ENERGY DEMAND AND SUPPLY OUTLOOK 6th Edition. Volume II-SIngapore. Retrieved from http://aperc.ieej.or.jp/
APERC. (2019a). APEC Energy Demand and Supply Outlook. Retrieved December 2, 2019, from https://aperc.ieej.or.jp/publications/reports/outlook.php
APERC. (2019b). APEC Energy Demand and Supply Outlook – 7th edition (Vol II). Retrieved from http://aperc.ieej.or.jp/file/2010/9/24/Outlook_Volume_II_4E.pdf
Building and Construction Authority. (n.d.). Singapore Leading the Way for Green Buildings in the Tropics. Retrieved from https://www.bca.gov.sg/greenmark/others/sg_green_buildings_tropics.pdf
Carbon Market Watch. (2017). Pricing carbon to achieve the Paris goals. (September), 7. Retrieved from https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/CMW-PRICING-CARBON-TO-ACHIEVE-THE-PARIS-GOALS_Web_spread_FINAL.pdf
Climate Action Tracker. (2016). The Road Ahead: How Do We Move to Cleaner Car Fleets? Retrieved from https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/46/CAT_2016-08-26_DecarbTransportations_CATAnalysis.pdf
Climate Action Tracker. (2017). Foot off the gas: increased reliance on natural gas in the power sector risks an emissions lock-in. Retrieved from Climate Action Tracker (Climate Analytics, Ecofys, NewClimate Institute) website: https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/55/CAT_2017-06-16_DecarbNaturalGas_CATAnalysis.pdf
CNBC. (2020, March 26). Coronavirus: Singapore plans another $33.2 billion stimulus for its economy. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from CBNC website: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/coronavirus-singapore-plans-another-stimulus-package-for-its-economy.html
Energy Market Authority. (2017). Singapore Energy Statistics 2016. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/343863352/Singapore-Energy-Statistics-2016
Fisher, D. (2020, March 18). Why Singapore’s coronavirus response worked – and what we can all learn. Retrieved May 12, 2020, from The Conversation website: https://theconversation.com/why-singapores-coronavirus-response-worked-and-what-we-can-all-learn-134024
Global Carbon Project. (2020). Carbon budget and trends 2020. Retrieved from www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget
Gütschow, J., Jeffery, L., & Gieseke, R. (2019). The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1850-2017), V. 2.1. GFZ Data Services. Retrieved from https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/pik/showshort.php?id=escidoc:4736895
IEA. (2014). World Energy Statistics and Balances 2014. Paris, France: International Energy Agency.
IMF. (2015). World Economic Outlook Database, April 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2015, from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/index.aspx
IMF. (2020). World Economic Outlook, April 2020. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/04/14/weo-april-2020
ING. (2020, May 26). Singapore gets its fourth Covid-19 stimulus package. Retrieved July 6, 2020, from ING website: https://think.ing.com/articles/singapore-gets-its-fourth-covid-19-stimulus-package/
International Renewable Energy Agency. (2016). Renewable Energy Outlook For ASEAN. Retrieved from http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA_REmap_ASEAN_2016_report.pdf#page=93
IPCC. (2018). GLOBAL WARMING OF 1.5 °C - an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat. In Global Warming of 1.5 C :An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change (Vol. 106, pp. 1323–1330). Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/
Jing, L. T. (2018). The Goldilocks dilemma of Singapore’s carbon tax . Retrieved April 21, 2020, from Eco Business website: https://www.eco-business.com/opinion/the-goldilocks-dilemma-of-singapores-carbon-tax/
Keppel Corporation. (2017). Keppel Infrastructure signs agreement with EDB to develop a gasification facility in Singapore. Retrieved October 5, 2018, from http://www.kepinfra.com/en/news-item.aspx?sid=4243&aid=5593&title=keppel-infrastructure-signs-agreement-with-edb-to-develop-a-gasification-facility-in-singapore-5593
Market Forces. (2019). DBS gambles on coal, as scrutiny arrives at its AGM. Retrieved from https://www.marketforces.org.au/dbs-gambles-on-coal-as-scrutiny-arrives-at-its-agm/
Minister for the Environment. (2017). Speech by Mr Masagos Zulkifli, Minister for the Environment and Water Resources at Wes-Cue 2017 conference dinner. Retrieved from https://www.mewr.gov.sg/news/speech-by-mr-masagos-zulkifli--minister-for-the-environment-and-water-resources-at-wes-cue-2017-conference-dinner-on-thursday--20-july-2017--655pm-at-suntec-convention-and-exhibition-centre--singapore
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. (2016). Climate Action Plan: A Climate-resilient Singapore for a sustainable future. Retrieved from https://www.nccs.gov.sg/docs/default-source/publications/a-climate-resilient-singapore-for-a-sustainable-future.pdf
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. (2017). Public Sector Sustainability Plan. Retrieved from https://www.mewr.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/grab-our-research/Public_Sector_Sustainability_Plan_2017-2020.pdf
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. (2019a). 2019 is Singapore’s Year Towards Zero Waste. Retrieved from https://www.mewr.gov.sg/news/2019-is-singapores-year-towards-zero-waste#:~:text=The Ministry of the Environment,the Year Towards Zero Waste.&text=This will pave our way,and a zero waste nation.
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. (2019b). Zero Waste Masterplan Singapore. Retrieved from https://www.towardszerowaste.gov.sg/zero-waste-masterplan/
Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore. (2019). Speech by Minister Chan Chun Sing at the 12th Singapore International Energy Week 2019. Retrieved from Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore website: https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Speeches/2019/10/Speech-by-Minister-Chan-Chun-Sing-at-the-12th-Singapore-International-Energy-Week-2019
MTI. (2020, June 26). MTI downgrades 2020 GDP growth forecast to “-7.0 to -4 per cent” . Retrieved July 6, 2020, from Ministry of Trade and Industry website: https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/news/gdp1q2020.pdf
National Climate Change Secretariat. (n.d.). Carbon Tax. Retrieved from National Climate Change Secretariat website: https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/carbon-tax/
National Climate Change Secretariat. (2012). National Climate Change Strategy 2012. Retrieved from https://www.nccs.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/national-climate-change-strategy.pdf
National Climate Change Secretariat. (2018a). NCCS - Buildings. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/buildings/
National Climate Change Secretariat. (2018b). NCCS - New Vehicular Emissions Scheme to replace Carbon-based Emissions Vehicle Scheme from 1 January 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.nccs.gov.sg/media/press-release/new-vehicular-emissions-scheme-to-replace-carbon-based-emissions-vehicle-scheme-from-1-january-2018
National Climate Change Secretariat. (2019). Public Consultation On Developing Singapore’s Long-Term Low-Emissions Strategy. Retrieved October 22, 2019, from https://www.nccs.gov.sg/public-consultation/public-consultation-on-developing-singapore-s-long-term-low-emissions-strategy/#:~:text=A public consultation exercise was,low carbon global city-state.
National Climate Change Secretariat. (2020). Charting Singapore’s Low-Carbon and Climate Resilient Future. Retrieved from https://www.nccs.gov.sg/docs/default-source/publications/nccsleds.pdf
National Environment Agency. (2014). Singapore’s Third National Communication and First Biennial Update Report. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/sgpnc3.pdf
National Environment Agency. (2017). Enhancements To The Energy Conservation Act. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from https://www.nea.gov.sg/media/news/news/index/enhancements-to-the-energy-conservation-act#:~:text=Singapore%2C 8 March 2017 – The,Act (ECA)%5B1%5D.&text=3 Under the ECA%2C registered,data related to GHG emissions.
National Environment Agency. (2018). Singapore’s Fourth National Communication and Third Biennial Update Report. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/067382541_Singapore-NC4-BUR3-1-Singapore Fourth National Communication and Third Biennia_0.pdf
Republic of Singapore. (2015). Singapore’s Intended Determined Contribution (INDC). Retrieved from https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Singapore First/Singapore INDC.pdf
Republic of Singapore. (2017). Singapore Budget 2017. Retrieved from https://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/archives/budget_2017/fy2017_budget_statement.pdf
Republic of Singapore. (2018). Carbon Pricing Act 2018. Government Gazette. Retrieved from https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CPA2018?TransactionDate=20181221235959
Republic of Singapore. (2019). Public Consultation on Developing Singapore’s Long -Term Low Emissions Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.nccs.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/2050-public-consultation-document-(for-publication)_(revised-151019).pdf
Singapore Energy Market Authority. (2019a). Installed Capacity of Grid-Commected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems by User Type, 2008-2019. Retrieved from https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Publications_and_Statistics/Statistics/47RSU.pdf
Singapore Energy Market Authority. (2019b). Singapore Energy Statistics 2018. Retrieved from https://www.ema.gov.sg/cmsmedia/Publications_and_Statistics/Publications/SES18/Publication_Singapore_Energy_Statistics_2018.pdf
Singapore government. (2020). Singapore’s Update of its First Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and Accompanying Information. Retrieved from https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Singapore First/Singapore%27s Update of 1st NDC.pdf
Tan, A. (2018, February 20). Singapore Budget 2018: Carbon tax will affect mainly large polluters, Politics News & Top Stories - The Straits Times. Strait Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/carbon-tax-will-affect-mainly-large-polluters
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2019). Global Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections & Mitigation Potential: 2015-2050. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/global-mitigation-non-co2-greenhouse-gases/global-non-co2-greenhouse-gas-emission-projections
Warren, R. (2014). Environmental economics: Optimal carbon tax doubled. Nature Climate Change, 4(7), 534–535. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2288
Yee, T. H. (2019). DBS urged not to fund Vietnam coal plant. The Strait Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/dbs-urged-not-to-fund-vietnam-coal-plant