Egypt

Overall rating: Highly insufficient

Policies and action against fair share: Insufficient; < 3°C World

Conditional NDC target against modelled domestic pathways: Highly insufficient; < 4°C World

BAU Scenario against fair share: Critically insufficient; 4°C+ World

Climate finance: Not applicable

Net zero target: Comprehensiveness not rated as
No target

Land use & forestry: Not significant

Abu Zaid, M. (2021) Egypt planning $4bn green hydrogen gas project, Arab News. Available at: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1876061/business-economy (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Amr Osama, et al. (2019) “Egypt Low Emissions Development Strategy ( LEDS ) Objectives of LEDS,” p. 16.
Climate and Clean Air Coalition Secretariat (2021) Global Methane Pledge. Available at: https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/#pledges (Accessed: April 21, 2022).
Daily News Egypt (2020) Electricity Ministry defers construction of Hamrawein coal-fired plant indefinitely, Daily News Egypt. Available at: https://dailynewsegypt.com/2020/02/24/electricity-ministry-defers-construction-of-hamrawein-coal-fired-plant-indefinitely/ (Accessed: May 24, 2022).
EBRD (2016) Low-Carbon Roadmap for the Egyptian Cement Industry.
EBRD (2017) EBRD provides US$200 million loan to develop Egypt’s gas infrastructure, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Available at: https://www.ebrd.com/news/2017/ebrd-provides-us200-million-loan-to-develop-egypts-gas-infrastructure-.html (Accessed: April 28, 2022).
EBRD (2022) EBRD assesses low-carbon hydrogen in Egypt, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Available at: https://www.ebrd.com/news/2022/ebrd-assesses-lowcarbon-hydrogen-in-egypt.html (Accessed: April 28, 2022).
Egypt Today (2022) Egypt launches National Strategy for Climate Change 2050, Egypt Today. Available at: https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/116031/Egypt-launches-National-Strategy-for-Climate-Change-2050 (Accessed: May 24, 2022).
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Enterprise (2020a) El Sisi ratifies Egypt’s waste management law. Available at: https://enterprise.press/stories/2020/10/18/el-sisi-ratifies-egypts-waste-management-law-23377/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Enterprise (2020b) Is Egypt ready for electric vehicles? Available at: https://enterprise.press/stories/2020/06/10/is-egypt-ready-for-electric-vehicles-16905/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Enterprise (2020c) Where did things go wrong with Egypt’s waste management? Available at: https://enterprise.press/stories/2020/07/08/where-did-things-go-wrong-with-egypts-waste-management-18499/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Enterprise (2021a) Is the use of coal in Egypt’s industry about to get nerfed? Available at: https://enterprise.press/stories/2021/11/09/is-the-use-of-coal-in-egypts-industry-about-to-get-nerfed-57694/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Enterprise (2021b) Slightly less cement oversupply. Available at: https://enterprise.press/stories/2021/11/23/slightly-less-cement-oversupply-58809/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Enterprise (2021c) Your electricity bill is going up. Available at: https://enterprise.press/stories/2021/06/22/your-electricity-bill-is-going-up-45665/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
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GGFR (2022) Zero Routine Flaring (ZRF) by 2030. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/zero-routine-flaring-by-2030/about (Accessed: April 21, 2022).
Global Carbon Project (2020) Carbon budget and trends 2020.
Global Carbon Project (2021) 2021: Annual change in fossil CO2 territorial emissions, Global Carbon Budget. Available at: https://enactivescience.com/gcp2021/ (Accessed: March 30, 2021).
Global Energy Monitor (2020) Global Coal Plant Tracker, Global Energy Monitor. Available at: https://endcoal.org/global-coal-plant-tracker/ (Accessed: October 27, 2020).
Government of Egypt (2017a) “Egypt’s First Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC),” pp. 1–13.
Government of Egypt (2017b) “Egypt’s First Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC),” pp. 1–13. Available at: https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Egypt First/Egyptian INDC.pdf.
Government of Egypt (2020a) Zohr Natural Gas Field Project, Presidency of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Available at: https://www.presidency.eg/en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%84-%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A/ (Accessed: April 22, 2022).
Government of Egypt (2020b) Zohr Natural Gas Field Project, Presidency of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Available at: https://www.presidency.eg/en/المشاريع-القومية/مشروع-حقل-ظهر-للغاز-الطبيعي/ (Accessed: April 22, 2022).
Green Tech Egypt (2021a) Signing the cooperation protocol between the ministries of “Military Production” partner of the Renergy Consortium , “Local Development” and “Environment” and “Giza Governorate” for the first Waste To Energy plant in Egypt – Green Tech Egypt. Available at: https://greentech-egypt.com/signing-the-cooperation-protocol-between-the-ministries-of-military-production-partner-of-the-renergy-consortium-local-development-and-environment/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Green Tech Egypt (2021b) Waste to Energy. Available at: https://greentech-egypt.com/service/waste-to-energy/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
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IEA (2021b) World Energy Balances 2021. Paris, France: International Energy Agency.
Infinity (2022). Available at: https://infinityevcharge.com/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
IRENA (2018) Renewable Energy Outlook - Egypt.
IRENA (2022) Renewable Capacity Statistics 2022.
Mikhail, G. (2021) Egypt postpones nuclear power plant amid tensions with Russia over Nile dam. Available at: https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/07/egypt-postpones-nuclear-power-plant-amid-tensions-russia-over-nile-dam (Accessed: April 21, 2022).
Ministry of Commerce and Industry (2021) The Minister of Commerce and Industry issues a decision allowing the import of used electric passenger cars. Available at: http://www.mti.gov.eg/Arabic/MediaCenter/News/Pages/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-.aspx (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Ministry of Petroleum & Mineral Resources (2022) Announcing the Results of the International Bid Round for Oil and Gas Exploration. Available at: https://www.petroleum.gov.eg/en/media-center/news/news-pages/Pages/mop_01032022_01.aspx (Accessed: April 21, 2022).
Ministry of Public Business Sector (2021a) وزارة قطاع الأعمال العام - “توفيق”: بدء أعمال لجنة محطات الشحن الكهربائية.. وإنتاج السيارة “نصرE70” منتصف 2022. Available at: http://www.mpbs.gov.eg/Arabic/MediaCenter/News/Pages/NEW265.aspx (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Ministry of Public Business Sector (2021b) وزارة قطاع الأعمال العام - “قطاع الأعمال”: بدء تجربة السيارة الكهربائية “E70” بالتعاون مع “أوبر.” Available at: http://www.mpbs.gov.eg/Arabic/MediaCenter/News/Pages/new305.aspx (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Ministry of Public Business Sector (2021c) وزارة قطاع الأعمال العام - “قطاع الأعمال”: مشروع إنتاج السيارة الكهربائية “قائم”.. وتوفير حزمة من المحفزات. Available at: http://www.mpbs.gov.eg/Arabic/MediaCenter/News/Pages/new324.aspx (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Ministry of Public Business Sector (2021d) وزارة قطاع الأعمال العام - “قطاع الأعمال”: مشروع إنتاج السيارة الكهربائية “قائم”.. وتوفير حزمة من المحفزات. Available at: http://www.mpbs.gov.eg/Arabic/MediaCenter/News/Pages/new324.aspx (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
Ministry of Public Business Sector (2021e) وزارة قطاع الأعمال العام - وزير قطاع الأعمال العام يشهد توقيع اتفاقية بين “الهندسية للسيارات” و"برايت سكايز". Available at: http://www.mpbs.gov.eg/Arabic/MediaCenter/News/Pages/325.aspx (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
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Presidency of the Arab Republic of Egypt (2021) President El-Sisi Meets with Prime Minister and Minister of Electricity and Renewable Energy. Available at: https://www.presidency.eg/en/%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9-10072021/ (Accessed: April 27, 2022).
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Vanderborght, B. et al. (2016) Low-Carbon Roadmap for the Egyptian Cement Industry .