Sources
List of references
- ACEA. (2021). Fuel types of new cars: electric 10.5%, hybrid 11.9%, petrol 47.5% market share full-year 2020. Retrieved May 12, 2021, from https://www.acea.auto/fuel-pc/fuel-types-of-new-cars-electric-10-5-hybrid-11-9-petrol-47-5-market-share-full-year-2020/
- ACEA. (2022a). Fuel types of new cars: battery electric 9.9%, hybrid 22.6% and petrol 38.5% market share in Q2 2022. Retrieved from https://www.acea.auto/fuel-pc/fuel-types-of-new-cars-battery-electric-9-9-hybrid-22-6-and-petrol-38-5-market-share-in-q2-2022/
- ACEA. (2022b). Interactive map – CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU, by country. Retrieved from https://www.acea.auto/figure/interactive-map-co2-emissions-from-new-passenger-cars-in-the-eu-by-country/
- Agora Verkehrswende. (2021). Notes on the revision of the EU CO2 emission performance standards for cars and light commercial vehicles. Retrieved from https://www.agora-verkehrswende.de/fileadmin/Projekte/2021/Flottengrenzwerte/Agora-Verkehrswende_Notes_on_the_revision_of_the_EU_CO2_emission.pdf
- BAFA. (2022). Rekordnachfrage BEG: In diesem Jahr bereits mehr als 600.000 Anträge. Retrieved from https://www.bafa.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/Energie/2022_10_beg_rekordnachfrage.html
- BDH Industrie. (2022). Marktentwicklung Wärmemarkt 2022. Retrieved from https://www.bdh-industrie.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Pressemeldungen/Marktentwicklung_Waermemarkt_Deutschland_1_Halbjahr_2022.pdf
- Bruegel. (2022a). European natural gas demand tracker. Retrieved from https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/european-natural-gas-demand-tracker
- Bruegel. (2022b). Infogram. EU Natural Gas Imports (by source). Retrieved from https://infogram.com/1pk6j01vz3dzdkc9z0er3rz7kpb3yekm3x0
- Bruegel. (2022c). National energy policy responses to the energy crisis. Retrieved from https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/national-energy-policy-responses-energy-crisis
- Bruegel. (2022d). National fiscal policy responses to the energy crisis. Retrieved from https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/national-policies-shield-consumers-rising-energy-prices
- Climate Analytics et al. (2020). CEE Climate Policy Frontier. Between Regional Best Practices and Paris Agreement-compatibility in the transport sector. Retrieved from http://wise-europa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/CEE-Climate-Policy-Frontier-Between-Regional-Best-Practices-and-Paris-Agreement-compatibility-in-the-transport-sector.pdf
- Climate and Clean Air Coalition Secretariat. (2021). Global Methane Pledge. Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/#pledges
- Committee on Environment Food Safety and Public Health. (2022). Result of roll-call votes of 16 and 17 May 2022.
- Council of the European Union. (2021a). Outcome of Proceedings, Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 (European Climate Law). Retrieved May 11, 2021, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu//media/49461/st08440-en21.pdf
- Council of the European Union. (2021b). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure and repealing Regulation (EU) No 347/2013 - General Approach. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/50423/st09732-en21.pdf
- Council of the European Union. (2022a). Council agrees on emergency measures to reduce energy prices. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/09/30/council-agrees-on-emergency-measures-to-reduce-energy-prices/
- Council of the European Union. (2022b). Council Regulation (EU) 2022/1854 of 6 October 2022 on an emergency intervention to address high energy prices. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022R1854&from=EN
- Council of the European Union. (2022c). First ‘Fit for 55’ proposal agreed: the EU strengthens targets for CO2 emissions for new cars and vans. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/10/27/first-fit-for-55-proposal-agreed-the-eu-strengthens-targets-for-co2-emissions-for-new-cars-and-vans/#:~:text=Pending a formal adoption%2C the,cars and vans by 2035.
- Council of the European Union. (2022d). “Fit for 55”: Council agrees on higher targets for renewables and energy efficiency. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/06/27/fit-for-55-council-agrees-on-higher-targets-for-renewables-and-energy-efficiency/#:~:text=The Commission presented the ’Fit,2030 compared to 1990 levels.
- Council of the European Union. (2022e). ‘Fit for 55 package’ Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards strengthening the CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles in line. Retrieved from https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-10777-2022-INIT/en/pdf
- Council of the European Union. (2022f). General approach regarding the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC (...).
- Council of the European Union. (2022g). Member states commit to reducing gas demand by 15% next winter. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/07/26/member-states-commit-to-reducing-gas-demand-by-15-next-winter/
- Council of the European Union. (2022h). Preparations for the 27th Conference of the Parties (COP 27) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - Council Conclusions.
- Council of the European Union. (2022i). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy efficiency (recast) - Outcome of Proceedings. Retrieved from https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-10697-2022-INIT/en/pdf
- Council of the European Union. (2022j). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directive 98/70/EC of the Euro. Retrieved from https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-10488-2022-INIT/en/pdf
- Croatian Presidency and the European Commission. (2020). Submission by Croatia and the European Commission on behalf of the European Union and its Member States. Retrieved from http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published Documents/Latvia/1/LV-03-06-EU INDC.pdf
- Dejgaard, H. P., & Appelt, J. (2018). An analysis of the Climate Finance Reporting of the European Union. Retrieved from https://actalliance.eu/resources-post/analysis-an-analysis-of-the-climate-finance-reporting-of-the-european-union/
- Eckstein, D., Argueta, B., Ryfisch, D., & Hübschen, L. (2021). Post-2020 climate finance – a much needed response to multiple crises. Retrieved from https://germanwatch.org/en/20112
- EIB. (2019). EU Bank launches ambitious new climate strategy and Energy Lending Policy. Retrieved January 24, 2020, from https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2019-313-eu-bank-launches-ambitious-new-climate-strategy-and-energy-lending-policy
- Ember Climate. (2022a). Carbon pricing. The latest data on EU ETS carbon prices. Retrieved from https://ember-climate.org/data/data-tools/carbon-price-viewer/
- Ember Climate. (2022b). European Electricity Review 2022. Retrieved from https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/european-electricity-review-2022/
- Ember Climate. (2022c). More renewables, less inflation restoring eu economic stability through investment in renewables. Retrieved from https://ember-climate.org/app/uploads/2022/10/E3G-EMBER-Briefing-More-renewables-less-inflation.pdf
- Ember Climate. (2022d). New Generation: Building a clean European electricity system by 2035. Retrieved from https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/new-generation/
- Energate Messenger. (2022). Austria Email verzeichnet starke Nachfrage nach Wärmepumpen. Retrieved from https://www.energate-messenger.at/news/224227/austria-email-verzeichnet-starke-nachfrage-nach-waermepumpen
- EPP Group. (2022). EPP Group aims for higher renewables targets to ditch Russian gas. Retrieved from https://www.eppgroup.eu/newsroom/news/epp-group-aims-for-higher-renewables-targets
- Euler Hermes Aktiengesellschaft. (2020). Export Credit Guarantees Annual Report 2020. Retrieved from https://www.eulerhermes.com/en_global/discover-euler-hermes/finance/financial-documents.html
- Euronews. (2022a). EU agrees deal with Azerbaijan to double gas exports by 2027. Retrieved from https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/07/18/von-der-leyen-heads-to-azerbaijan-to-secure-new-gas-import-deal
- Euronews. (2022b). These EU countries are aiming for 100 per cent clean power by 2030. Retrieved from https://www.euronews.com/green/amp/2022/10/17/these-eu-countries-are-aiming-for-100-per-cent-clean-power-by-2030
- Europe Beyond Coal. (2022). Database. Retrieved from https://beyond-coal.eu/database/
- European Climate Foundation. (2022). Delivering EU energy security through climate action. Retrieved from https://europeanclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ecf-external-white-paper.pdf
- European Commission. (2015). Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the Circular Economy. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52015DC0614
- European Commission. (2016). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parilament and of the Council on the inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry into the 2030 climate and energy framework (...). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:9901f171-5017-11e6-89bd-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF
- European Commission. (2018). In-depth analysis in support of the Commission Communication COM(2018)773 A Clean Planet for all. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/docs/pages/com_2018_733_analysis_in_support_en_0.pdf
- European Commission. (2020a). A hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0301
- European Commission. (2020b). A New Industrial Strategy for Europe. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/communication-eu-industrial-strategy-march-2020_en.pdf
- European Commission. (2020c). Allocation to industrial installations. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/allowances/industrial_en
- European Commission. (2020d). An EU Strategy to harness the potential of offshore renewable energy for a climate neutral future. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2020:741:FIN
- European Commission. (2020e). Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/environment/strategy/chemicals-strategy_en
- European Commission. (2020f). Circular Economy Action Plan. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/environment/pdf/circular-economy/new_circular_economy_action_plan.pdf
- European Commission. (2020g). Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1294 of 15 September 2020 on the Union renewable energy financing mechanism. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32020R1294&from=EN
- European Commission. (2020h). Commission notice. Guidance document on wind energy developments and EU nature legislation. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/environment/news/commission-issues-guidance-reconciling-wind-energy-developments-and-nature-2020-11-19_en
- European Commission. (2020i). EU Methane Strategy. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12504-EU-Methane-Strategy
- European Commission. (2020j). Onshore and offshore wind. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/renewable-energy/onshore-and-offshore-wind_en
- European Commission. (2021a). Commission Delegated Regulation supplementing Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=PI_COM:Ares(2020)6979284
- European Commission. (2021b). Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/173 of 12 February 2021 establishing the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (...)". Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021D0173&from=EN
- European Commission. (2021c). EU Reference Scenario 2020. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/data-analysis/energy-modelling/eu-reference-scenario-2020_en
- European Commission. (2021d). European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541
- European Commission. (2021e). Policy scenarios for delivering the European Green Deal. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/data-analysis/energy-modelling/policy-scenarios-delivering-european-green-deal_en
- European Commission. (2021f). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council, (...) as regards the promotion of energy from renewable sources (...). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/amendment-renewable-energy-directive-2030-climate-target-with-annexes_en.pdf
- European Commission. (2021g). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/revision-eu-ets_with-annex_en_0.pdf
- European Commission. (2021h). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on energy efficiency (recast). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/proposal_for_a_directive_on_energy_efficiency_recast.pdf
- European Commission. (2021i). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the council on the energy performance of buildings (recast). Brussels. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/default/files/proposal-recast-energy-performance-buildings-directive.pdf
- European Commission. (2021j). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2018/842 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 (...). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32018R0842
- European Commission. (2021k). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2019/631 as regards strengthening the CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles in line with the Union’s inc. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/amendment-regulation-co2-emission-standards-cars-vans-with-annexes_en.pdf
- European Commission. (2021l). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulations (EU) 2018/841 (...) and committing to the collective achievement of climate neutrality by 2035 in the land use, forestry and agriculture sector (...). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/revision-regulation-ghg-land-use-forestry_with-annex_en.pdf
- European Commission. (2021m). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/carbon_border_adjustment_mechanism_0.pdf
- European Commission. (2021n). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport (COM(2021) 561 final). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/refueleu_aviation_-_sustainable_aviation_fuels.pdf
- European Commission. (2021o). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on methane emissions reduction in the energy sector and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/942. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2021:805:FIN
- European Commission. (2021p). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/revision_of_the_directive_on_deployment_of_the_alternative_fuels_infrastructure_with_annex_0.pdf
- European Commission. (2021q). Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport and amending Directive 2009/16/EC. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/fueleu_maritime_-_green_european_maritime_space.pdf
- European Commission. (2021r). Quarterly Report on European Electricity Markets. Issue 4 covering fourth quarter of 2020. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/default/files/quarterly_report_on_european_electricity_markets_q4_2020.pdf
- European Commission. (2021s). Sustainable Carbon Cycles. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2021-12/com_2021_800_en_0.pdf
- European Commission. (2021t). Towards competitive and clean European steel. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/swd-competitive-clean-european-steel_en.pdf
- European Commission. (2021u). Updating the 2020 New Industrial Strategy: Building a stronger Single Market for Europe’s recovery. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_1884
- European Commission. (2022a). Commission delegated Regulation (EU) /... amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2139 as regards economic activities in certain energy sectors and Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2178 as regards specific public disclosures for those economic activities. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32022R1214
- European Commission. (2022b). Commission kicks off work on a European Solar Photovoltaic Industry Alliance. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/commission-kicks-work-european-solar-photovoltaic-industry-alliance-2022-oct-11_en
- European Commission. (2022c). Commission Staff Working Document. Implementing the REPowerEU Action Plan: Investment Needs, Hydrogen Accelerator and Achieving the Bio-Methane Targets. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=SWD%3A2022%3A230%3AFIN&qid=1653033922121
- European Commission. (2022d). EU Solar Energy Strategy. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2022%3A221%3AFIN&qid=1653034500503
- European Commission. (2022e). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU (.. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52022PC0222&from=EN
- European Commission. (2022f). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EU) 2021/241 as regards REPowerEU chapters in recovery and resilience plans and amending Regulation (EU) 2021/1060, Regulation (EU) 2021/2115, Directive 2003/87/E. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/system/files/com-2022-231_en.pdf
- European Commission. (2022g). Quarterly Report on European Electricity Markets. Issue 4 covering fourth quarter of 2021. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/default/files/quarterly_report_on_european_electricity_markets_q4_2020.pdf
- European Commission. (2022h). Quarterly report on European electricity markets covering first quarter of 2022. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/energy_climate_change_environment/quarterly_report_on_european_electricity_markets_q1_2022.pdf
- European Commission. (2022i). Quarterly report on European electricity markets covering second quarter of 2022. Retrieved from https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-10/Quarterly Report on European Electricity markets Q2 2022_FINAL.pdf
- European Commission. (2022j). Quarterly report on European gas markets. Retrieved from https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-04/Quarterly report on European gas markets_Q4 2021.pdf
- European Commission. (2022k). Quarterly report on European gas markets covering first quarter of 2022. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/energy_climate_change_environment/quarterly_report_on_european_gas_markets_q1_2022.pdf
- European Commission. (2022l). Quarterly report on European gas markets covering second quarter of 2022. Retrieved from https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-10/Quarterly report on European gas markets Q2_2022_FINAL.pdf
- European Commission. (2022m). REPowerEU: A plan to rapidly reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels and fast forward the green transition. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_3131
- European Commission. (2022n). Sustainable transport - revision of Combined Transport Directive. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13010-Sustainable-transport-revision-of-Combined-Transport-Directive_en
- European Environment Agency. (2021). Trends and Projections in Europe 2021. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu//publications/trends-and-projections-in-europe-2021
- European Environment Agency. (2022a). EEA greenhouse gas - data viewer. Retrieved October 30, 2021, from https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer/
- European Environment Agency. (2022b). EEA greenhouse gas - data viewer. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer/
- European Environment Agency. (2022c). Trends and Projections in Europe 2022. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu//publications/trends-and-projections-in-europe-2022
- European Heat Pump Association. (2022). Record growth for Europe’s heat pump market in 2021. Retrieved from https://www.ehpa.org/about/news/article/press-release-record-growth-for-europes-heat-pump-market-in-2021/
- European Parliament. (2019). Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2009/33/EC on the promotion of clean and energyefficient vehicles - Analysis of the final compromise text with a view to agreement. Retrieved from https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-6345-2019-INIT/en/pdf
- European Parliament. (2021). Draft Report on the Implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/ITRE-PR-695323_EN.pdf
- European Parliament. (2022a). Amendments adopted by the European Parliament on 14 September 2022 on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 (...). Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2022-0317_EN.html
- European Parliament. (2022b). CO2 emission standards for cars and vans. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2022-0234_EN.html
- European Parliament. (2022c). Energy efficiency - recast. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2022-0315_EN.html
- European Parliament. (2022d). REPORT on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC (...). Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2022-0155_EN.html
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives (Waste Framework Directive). 32008L0098. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2009). Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32009L0028&from=EN
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018a). Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action.
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018b). Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2018.156.01.0026.01.ENG
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2018c). Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement (..). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32018R0842
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2019). Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32019R0631
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2020). Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020R0852
- European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. (2021). Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 (European Climate Law).
- Eurostat. (2022a). Energy consumption in households. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Energy_consumption_in_households
- Eurostat. (2022b). Freight transport statistics - modal split. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Freight_transport_statistics_-_modal_split
- Eurostat. (2022c). Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector. Retrieved from http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=env_air_gge&lang=en
- Eurostat. (2022d). Renewable energy statistics. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
- Eurostat. (2022e). Simplified energy balances. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
- Finnish Heat Pump Association. (2022). Record high sales growth of 80% recorded for heat pumps in the first six months of the year in Finland. Retrieved from https://www.sulpu.fi/record-high-sales-growth-of-80-recorded-for-heat-pumps-in-the-first-six-months-of-the-year-in-finland/
- Gas Infrastructure Europe. (2022). Aggregated Gas Storage Inventory. Retrieved from https://agsi.gie.eu/#/graphs/DE
- Germany and the European Commission. (2020a). Submission by Germany and the European Comission on behalf of the European Union and its Member States. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/LV-03-06-EU%20INDC.pdf
- Germany and the European Commission. (2020b). Update of the NDC of the European Union and its Member States. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/EU_NDC_Submission_December%202020.pdf
- Hydrogen Europe. (2020). Green Hydrogen for a European Green Deal. A 2x40 GW Initiative. Retrieved from https://dii-desertenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020-04-01_Dii_Hydrogen_Studie2020_v13_SP.pdf
- Norlen, D. (2017). How Long Phu 1 Violates Funders ’ Environmental and Social Policies Failure to Comply. Retrieved from https://www.banktrack.org/download/failure_to_comply/2017_08_07_failuretocomplylongphupolicycompliance.pdf
- North Sea Energy Cooperation. (2022). Joint Statement on the North Seas Energy Cooperation. Retrieved from https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-09/220912_NSEC_Joint_Statement_Dublin_Ministerial.pdf
- Politico. (2022). Here’s what EU countries are doing to save energy ahead of winter. Retrieved from https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-countries-save-energy-winter/
- Port PC. (2022). Ponad dwukrotny wzrost sprzedaży powietrznych pomp ciepła w I poł. 2022 roku! Retrieved from https://portpc.pl/ponad-dwukrotny-wzrost-sprzedazy-powietrznych-pomp-ciepla-w-i-pol-2022-roku/
- Reuters. (2022). EU, Israel and Egypt sign deal to boost East Med gas exports to Europe. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/eu-israel-egypt-sign-deal-boost-east-med-gas-exports-europe-2022-06-15/
- Simon, F., & Taylor, K. (2021). EU foreign ministers call for end to financing fossil fuels abroad. Retrieved from https://www.climatechangenews.com/2021/01/25/eu-foreign-ministers-call-end-financing-fossil-fuels-abroad/
- Solar Power Europe. (2020). EU Market Outlook for Solar Power 2020-2024. Retrieved from https://www.solarpowereurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/3520-SPE-EMO-2020-report-11-mr.pdf?cf_id=23124
- Solar Power Europe. (2021). EU Market Outlook for Solar Power 2021-2025. Retrieved from https://www.solarpowereurope.org/insights/market-outlooks/market-outlook
- Solar Power Europe. (2022a). A European Solar Act for a sustainable and resilient Europe. Joint Letter by Austria, Belgium, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Spain.
- Solar Power Europe. (2022b). EU solar set to save additional 4.6 BCM gas in 2022. Retrieved from https://www.solarpowereurope.org/press-releases/eu-solar-set-to-save-additional-4-6-bcm-gas-in-2022
- The European Consumer Organisation. (2021). BEUC’s recommendations on CO2 performance standards for cars and vans for 2025 and beyond. Retrieved from https://www.beuc.eu/sites/default/files/publications/beuc-x-2021-086_beucs_recommendations_on_co2_performance_standards_for_cars_and_vans_for_2025_and_beyond.pdf
- The European Council. (2019). EU energy efficiency rules adapted in view of Brexit. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2019/01/30/eu-energy-efficiency-rules-adapted-in-view-of-brexit/
- The Greens - European Free Alliance. (2022). Actions for the EU energy transition following the Russian aggression. Retrieved from https://www.greens-efa.eu/en/article/document/letter-on-actions-for-the-eu-energy-transition-following-the-russian-aggression
- The ICCT. (2019). CO2 standards for heavy-duty vehicles in the European Union. Retrieved from https://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/CO2 HDV EU Policy Update 2019_04_17.pdf
- Transport&Environment. (2022). Cuts to fuel taxes. Retrieved from https://www.transportenvironment.org/challenges/climate-tools/fuel-taxes/cuts-to-fuel-taxes/
- Transport & Environment. (2022). Car CO₂ review: getting Europe’s car market ‘fit for 55’ on time and affordably. Retrieved from https://www.transportenvironment.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2021_11_Car_CO2_position_paper.pdf
- UK Government/UNFCCC. (2021a). COP26 declaration on accelerating the transition to 100% zero emission cars and vans. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cop26-declaration-zero-emission-cars-and-vans/cop26-declaration-on-accelerating-the-transition-to-100-zero-emission-cars-and-vans#:~:text=A.,adoption%20of%20zero%20emission%20vehicles.
- UK Government/UNFCCC. (2021b). Glasgow Leader’s Declaration on Forests and Land Use. Retrieved from https://ukcop26.org/glasgow-leaders-declaration-on-forests-and-land-use/
- UN Climate Change Conference (COP26). (2021, November 4). Global Coal to Clean Power Transition Statement . Retrieved December 7, 2021, from https://ukcop26.org/global-coal-to-clean-power-transition-statement/
- Vereniging Warmtepompen. (2022). Reactie Vereniging Warmtepompen op Gasmonitor 2022. Retrieved from https://warmte-pompen.nl/reactie-vereniging-warmtepompen-op-gasmonitor-2022/
- WindEurope. (2020). Our energy, our future. Retrieved from https://windeurope.org/about-wind/reports/our-energy-our-future/
- WindEurope. (2022a). Baltic Sea Countries sign declaration for more cooperation in offshore wind. Retrieved from https://windeurope.org/newsroom/press-releases/baltic-sea-countries-sign-declaration-for-more-cooperation-in-offshore-wind/
- WindEurope. (2022b). Financing and investment trends 2021. Retrieved from https://windeurope.org/intelligence-platform/product/financing-and-investment-trends-2021/
- WindEurope. (2022c). Offshore wind energy 2022 mid-year statistics. Retrieved from https://windeurope.org/intelligence-platform/product/offshore-wind-energy-2022-mid-year-statistics/
- WindEurope. (2022d). Wind energy in Europe: 2021 Statistics and the outlook for 2022-2026. Retrieved from https://windeurope.org/intelligence-platform/product/wind-energy-in-europe-2021-statistics-and-the-outlook-for-2022-2026/
Further analysis
Latest publications
Stay informed
Subscribe to our newsletter