Türkiye

Aşıcı, A. A. (2024). A Preliminary Analysis of Key Features of the Turkish Emissions Trading System. IPC–Mercator Analysis.

Barut, Ç., & Kesikli, O. (2024). Contemplated Emissions Trading System in Turkey (Carbon Trading). Mondaq.

Climate Action Tracker. (2022). Natural gas in Africa: Why fossil fuels cannot sustainably meet the continent’s growing energy demand. https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/1048/CAT_2022-05_Report_NaturalGasinAfrica.pdf

Climate Action Tracker. (2023a). CAT briefing: Pulling the plug on fossils in power. https://climateactiontracker.org/publications/pulling-the-plug-on-fossils-in-power

Climate Action Tracker. (2023b). Clean electricity within a generation: Paris-aligned benchmarks for the power sector. https://climateactiontracker.org/documents/1159/CAT_2023-09-19_Briefing_ParisBenchmarks_PowerSector.pdf

Climate Investment Funds. (2024). Türkiye - Renewable Energy Integration (REI) Investment Plan.

Climate Transparency. (2022). Turkey - Climate Transparency Report. https://www.climate-transparency.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/CT2022-Turkey-Web.pdf

Daily Sabah. (2019). Japanese partner reported to abandon Sinop nuclear plant project. https://www.dailysabah.com/energy/2018/12/05/japanese-partner-reported-to-abandon-sinop-nuclear-plant-project

Daily Sabah. (2022, June 13). First pipes laid as Turkey to start pumping Black Sea gas in Q1 2023. https://www.dailysabah.com/business/energy/first-pipes-laid-as-turkey-to-start-pumping-black-sea-gas-in-q1-2023

Daily Sabah. (2024). Türkiye achieves historic peak in oil, natural gas extraction. https://www.dailysabah.com/business/energy/turkiye-achieves-historic-peak-in-oil-natural-gas-extraction

Ember. (2024a). Electricity Data Explorer | Türkiye (Turkey). https://ember-climate.org/data/data-tools/data-explorer/

Ember. (2024b). Türkiye electricity data tools. https://ember-climate.org/data/data-tools/turkey-electricity-data-tool/

Ember. (2024c). Türkiye Electricity Review 2024. https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/turkiye-electricity-review-2024/

Ember. (2025). Electricity Data Explorer. https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/

Energy Market Regulatory Authority. (2023). Doğal Gaz Piyasasi 2022 Yili Sektör Raporu [Natural Gas Market Sector Report for 2022].

Energy Market Regulatory Authority. (2024). Doğal Gaz Piyasasi 2023 Yili Sektör Raporu [Natural Gas Market Sector Report for 2023]. https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/yillik-sektor-raporu

EnergyNews. (2024). Turkey Embarks on an Ambitious Energy Transition by 2035. https://energynews.pro/en/turkey-embarks-on-an-ambitious-energy-transition-by-2035/

European Commission. (2024). Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism_en

Eurostat. (2024). Passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants reached 560 in 2022.

Gavin, G. (2024). Hungary’s new gas deal fuels Russia fears. Politico EU. https://www.politico.eu/article/hungary-new-gas-deal-fuel-russia-fear/

Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit. (2023). Nuclear energy in Turkey (04.07.2023). https://www.grs.de/en/nuclear-energy-turkey-04072023

Global Energy Monitor. (2024). Coal-fired Power Capacity by Country (MW) (Proposals outside of China) - October 2024. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yYFzc1p2aMocWwBPHzjW97RMeWWqqDWO3p1HRZb2osI/edit?gid=69718291#gid=69718291

Global Energy Monitor, Sierra Club, CREA, Climate Risk, GreenID, & Ekosfer. (2024). Boom and Bust Coal 2024. https://globalenergymonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Boom-Bust-Coal-2024.pdf

Global Forest Watch. (2023). Global Forest Watch: Turkey. https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/TUR/?category=fires&dashboardPrompts=eyJzaG93UHJvbXB0cyI6dHJ1ZSwicHJvbXB0c1ZpZXdlZCI6W10sInNldHRpbmdzIjp7Im9wZW4iOmZhbHNlLCJzdGVwSW5kZXgiOjAsInN0ZXBzS2V5IjoiIn0sIm9wZW4iOnRydWUsInN0ZXBzS2V5IjoiZG93bmxvY

Government of the Republic of Türkiye. (2023, April 13). Updated First Nationally Determined Contribution. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2023-04/TÜRKİYE_UPDATED 1st NDC_EN.pdf

Güllü, A. B., Aksoy, H., Serhadlıoğlu, S., Taranto, Y., Çalışkan, R. Y., Vita, A. De, Karakousis, V., Rogner, M., Godron, P., & Dinçel, G. (2023). Net Zero 2053: A Roadmap for the Turkish Electricity Sector. SHURA Energy Transition Center.

Hadjicostis, M., & Mcdermott, J. (2023). Turkey quake revives debate over nuclear plant being built. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/technology-science-2023-turkey-syria-earthquake-cyprus-42b8a3ab41ccca0e4876c2188976b066

Hummer, L., Lim, J., Babajeva, J., Pitre, C., & Zhang, X. (2024). Just 15 countries account for 98% of new coal-power development. Carbon Brief. https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-just-15-countries-account-for-98-of-new-coal-power-development/

Hürriyet Daily News. (2020, January 20). Turkey, Japan scrap partnership in Sinop nuclear plant in Turkey’s north. Hürriyet Daily News. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-japan-scrap-partnership-in-sinop-nuclear-plant-in-turkeys-north-151212

Hürriyet Daily News. (2022, April 1). Minister reiterates commitment to passing Climate Law. Hürriyet Daily News. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/minister-reiterates-commitment-to-passing-climate-law-172636

Hürriyet Daily News. (2024). Türkiye’s EV charging network not growing fast enough. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkiyes-ev-charging-network-not-growing-fast-enough-193471

IEA. (2021). Turkey 2021 Energy Policy Review. https://www.iea.org/reports/turkey-2021

IEA. (2023). World Energy Outlook 2023. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023

İklim Değişikliği Başkanliği [Climate Change Directorate]. (2024). 2053 Long Term Climate Strategy. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Turkiye_Long_Term_Climate_Strategy.pdf

IRENA. (2024). Renewable Energy Capacity Statistics 2024. IRENA. https://www.irena.org/Data/View-data-by-topic/Capacity-and-Generation/Statistics-Time-Series

Kasapovic, M., & Knowles, W. (2024). Turkey’s electric vehicle sector will grow slowly. Oxford Analytica. https://www.oxan.com/insights/turkeys-electric-vehicle-sector-will-grow-slowly/

Kaya, N. E. (2022). Turkiye adopts regulation on electric car charging stations. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/electricity/turkiye-adopts-regulation-on-electric-car-charging-stations/34907

Kazanci, H. (2024). Türkiye ranks among top 11 countries in world in renewable energy capacity. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/solar/turkiye-ranks-among-top-11-countries-in-world-in-renewable-energy-capacity/41813

Kübra Ağaçyetiştiren. (2024). Türkiye’nin orman varlığı dünya standartlarına yaklaştı. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/turkiyenin-orman-varligi-dunya-standartlarina-yaklasti/3099956

NewClimate Institute and Climate Analytics. (2024). Wind and solar benchmarks for a 1.5°C world - Türkiye. https://newclimate.org/sites/default/files/2024-09/windsolarbenchmarks_turkiye_0.pdf

Nuclear Business Platform. (2024). The Thrace Nuclear Power Plant and the Future of Türkiye. https://www.nuclearbusiness-platform.com/media/insights/the-thrace-nuclear-power-plant-and-the-future-of-trkiye

Offshore Technology. (2023). Turkey’s TPAO begins gas production from Sakarya field in Black Sea. https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/tpao-production-sakarya/

Pitel, L., & Kıraç, N. (2022, July 27). Turkey’s new power plant exposes ‘huge contradictions’ of net zero. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/1aa8c98b-ff80-461b-bad6-b3232377f904

Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye. (2021). Remarks following the Presidential Cabinet Meeting. https://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/130712/-turkiye-ekonomisi-salgin-sartlarini-ve-daha-once-yasadigi-kimi-sikintilari-geride-birakarak-hak-ettigi-yere-dogru-hizla-yol-aliyor-

Railway Gazette International. (2024). Turkish elections bring rail plan announcements. https://www.railwaygazette.com/policy/turkish-elections-bring-rail-plan-announcements/66128.article

Railway Supply. (2024). Turkey continues to actively modernize its railway transport. https://www.railway.supply/en/turkey-continues-to-actively-modernize-its-railway-transport/

Republic of Türkiye. (2015). Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/INDC/Published Documents/Turkey/1/The_INDC_of_TURKEY_v.15.19.30.pdf

Republic of Türkiye. (2021). Türkiye First Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/The_INDC_of_TURKEY_v.15.19.30.pdf

Republic of Türkiye. (2022). Türkiye. 2022 Common Reporting Format (CRF) Table. https://unfccc.int/documents/461898

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2023). Turkish Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990 - 2021.

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2024a). Bakan Bayraktar Yenilenebilir Enerjide Yeni Hedefleri Anlattı [Minister Bayraktar Explained New Targets in Renewable Energy].

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2024b). Türkiye’nin Enerji Verimliliği 2030 Stratejisi ve II. Ulusal Enerji Verimliliği Eylem Planı [Turkey’s Energy Efficiency 2030 Strategy and II. National Energy Efficiency Action Plan]. https://enerji.gov.tr/duyuru-detay?id=20425

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2024c). Yenilenebilir Enerjide 2035 Yol Haritası [Roadmap for Renewable Energy to 2035]. https://enerji.gov.tr/haber-detay?id=21380

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment Urbanisation and Climate Change. (2019). Turkey’s Fourth Biennial Report. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TURKEY’S FOURTH BIENNIAL REPORT.pdf

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment Urbanisation and Climate Change. (2023). Eighth National Communication and Fifth Biennial Report of Türkiye under the UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/TUR_8NCResubmission.pdf

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment Urbanisation and Climate Change. (2024a). Climate Change Mitigation Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2030. https://iklim.gov.tr/db/english/icerikler/files/CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN _EN.pdf

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Environment Urbanisation and Climate Change. (2024b). İklim Değişikliği Kanunu Taslaği [Draft Climate Change Law]. https://www.baib.gov.tr/files/downloads/PageFiles/f345dbce-f055-ed11-a91b-000c29511bae/Files/ek-3.pdf

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2022). Türkiye’s International Energy Strategy. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkeys-energy-strategy.en.mfa

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Industry and Technology. (2022). Mobilite Araç ve Teknolojileri Yol Haritası [Mobility Vehicles and Technologies Roadmap].

Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. (2023). 2053 Transport and Logistics Master Plan. https://www.uab.gov.tr/uploads/pages/bakanlik-yayinlari/20221025-2053-ulastirma-ve-lojistik-ana-plani-eng.pdf

Robins, A. (2023, January 23). Turkey National Energy Plan announced: Solar target is strong but no exit from coal [Türkiye Ulusal Enerji Planı açıklandı: Güneş hedefi güçlü ama kömürden çıkış yok]. BBC Türkçe. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cmmzprr0j5po

Safety4Sea. (2024). Turkiye comes up with its own Emissions Trading System. https://safety4sea.com/turkiye-comes-up-with-its-own-emissions-trading-system/#:~:text=The Turkish parliament has approved,entering and departing its seaports

Şahin, Ü., Tör, O. B., Kat, B., Teimourzadeh, S., Demirkol, K., Künar, A., Voyvoda, E., & Yeldan, E. (2021). Turkey’s decarbonization pathway: Net zero in 2050. https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20240808-10085077.pdf

Shaw, A. (2024). Turkey continues negotiations over new nuclear power plants. Power Technology. https://www.power-technology.com/news/turkey-continues-negotiations-with-russia-china-and-south-korea-on-nuclear-development/

Siccardi, F. (2024). Understanding the Energy Drivers of Turkey’s Foreign Policy. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/02/understanding-the-energy-drivers-of-turkeys-foreign-policy?lang=en&center=europe

Spasić, V. (2023). Turkey prepares USD 100 billion energy transition program, USD 10 billion for grid. Balkan Green Energy News. https://balkangreenenergynews.com/turkey-prepares-usd-100-billion-energy-transition-program-usd-10-billion-for-grid/

Temocin, P. (2018). Framing Opposition to Nuclear Power: The Case of Akkuyu in Southeast Turkey. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 6(2), 353–377.

Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2022). Turkey’s National Energy Plan [Türkiye Ulusal Enerji Planı]. https://enerji.gov.tr/Media/Dizin/EIGM/tr/Raporlar/TUEP/Türkiye_National_Energy_Plan.pdf

Turkish Statistical Institute. (2024). Greenhouse Gas Emission Statistics, 1990-2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions-Statistics-1990-2022-53701

Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye). (2023). Inflation Report 2023-I. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/03a3322c-70d4-43cb-88e3-58a6169a894e/Inflation+Report+2023i.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-03a3322c-70d4-43cb-88e3-58a6169a894e-oruSa7h

Türkiye Today. (2024). Türkiye plans 270 drilling operations in 2025 to boost oil, gas production. https://www.turkiyetoday.com/business/turkiye-plans-270-drilling-operations-in-2025-to-boost-oil-gas-production-73046/#:~:text=Türkiye plans 270 drilling operations in 2025 to boost oil%2C gas production,-By Newsroom •&text=Türkiye has outlined an ambitio

Ugurtas, S. (2022, March 4). Turkey balks at coal phaseout amid growing energy woes. Al-Monitor. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/03/turkey-balks-coal-phaseout-amid-growing-energy-woes

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2019). Global Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Projections & Mitigation Potential: 2015-2050. https://www.epa.gov/global-mitigation-non-co2-greenhouse-gases/global-non-co2-greenhouse-gas-emission-projections

World Nuclear News. (2024). Commissioning work is beginning at Akkuyu 1. https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Commissioning-work-is-beginning-at-Akkuyu-1

World Resources Institute. (2023). These 10 Countries Are Phasing Out Coal the Fastest. https://www.wri.org/insights/countries-phasing-out-coal-power-fastest