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Guarascio, Francesco, and Francesco Guarascio. 2025. “Over $13 Billion in Solar, Wind Investment at Risk in Vietnam, Industry Letter Says.” Reuters, March 10.

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ho, phuong. 2025. “New Electricity Law: Shaping The Future Direction Of The Energy Sector.” https://ykvn-law.com/vi/new-electricity-law-shaping-the-future-direction-of-the-energy-sector/.

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International Rice Research Institute. 2026. “Mekong Delta’s Low-Emission Rice Program Surpasses Targets, Sets New Standards for Sustainable Production.” https://www.irri.org/news-and-events/news/mekong-deltas-low-emission-rice-program-surpasses-targets-sets-new-standards.

International Rivers and Vietnam Climate Defenders Coalition. 2024. The Missing “Just”: In Vietnam’s Just Energy Transition Partnership ( JETP). https://www.internationalrivers.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/86/2024/06/Vietnam-JETP-Report-English.pdf.

IRENA. 2022. “Renewable Energy Outlook for ASEAN: Towards a Regional Energy Transition.” www.irena.org.

IRENA. 2026. “Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026.”

IRRI. 2024. Vietnam’s 1-Million Hectare Rice Program Shows Promising Results | International Rice Research Institute. https://www.irri.org/news-and-events/news/vietnam%E2%80%99s-1-million-hectare-rice-program-shows-promising-results.

IUCN. 2022. “Grid Integration of Renewables.” https://www.iucn.org/news/viet-nam/202205/grid-integration-renewables.

Law No. 72/2020/QH14 on Environmental Protection – Policies. 2024. https://www.iea.org/policies/18356-law-no-722020qh14-on-environmental-protection.

Le, Huong, Francisco Posada, and Zifei Yang. 2022. Electric Two-Wheeler Market Growth in Vietnam: An Overview. International Council of Clean Transportation. https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/asia-pacific-lvs-NDC-TIA-E2W-mkt-growth-Vietnam-nov22.pdf.

LTN & Partners. 2024. “Challenges for Rooftop Solar Systems in Vietnam in 2024.” https://www.lntpartners.com/legal-briefing/challenges-for-rooftop-solar-systems-in-vietnam-in-2024?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

LuatVietnam. 2022. “Law 03/2022/QH15 Amending Law on Investment, Housing Law, Bidding Law, Law on Enterprises.” https://english.luatvietnam.vn/law-no-03-2022-qh15-dated-january-11-2022-of-the-national-assembly-amending-and-supplementing-a-number-of-articles-of-the-law-on-public-investment-216275-doc1.html.

LuatVietnam. 2026. “Decision 263/QD-TTg 2026 Pilot Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowances for 2025-2026.” https://english.luatvietnam.vn/decision-no-263-qd-ttg-dated-february-09-2026-of-the-prime-minister-on-approval-of-the-total-pilot-greenhouse-gas-emission-allowances-for-2025-2026-426146-doc1.html.

Ministry of Agriculture and Environment. 2025. “Viet Nam Announces High-Quality Rice Production Protocols.” https://en.mae.gov.vn:443/Pages/chi-tiet-tin-Eng.aspx?ItemID=9113.

Ministry of Agriculture and Environmentg. 2025. “Ministry of Agriculture and Environment Develops Low-Emission Crop Production Plan.” https://en.mae.gov.vn:443/Pages/chi-tiet-tin-Eng.aspx?ItemID=8938.

Ministry of Industry and Trade. 2026. “Vietnam and Russia Officially Commit to Nuclear Power Development.” Web Portal Ministry of Industry and Trade. https://moit.gov.vn/en/news/vietnam-and-russia-officially-commit-to-nuclear-power-development.html.

MoIT. 2019. Vietnam National Energy Efficiency Program 2019-2030. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/598851561961183317/pdf/Vietnam-National-Energy-Efficiency-Program-2019-2030.pdf.

MoIT. n.d. ENHANCING VIETNAM’S GRID STABILITY WITH BESS. https://energyalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GEAPP_BESS_Report_Vietnam_June2024.pdf.

moit.gov.vn. 2026. “Just Energy Transition: A Strategic Solution on the Path to Net Zero.” Web Portal Ministry of Industry and Trade. https://moit.gov.vn/en/news/just-energy-transition-a-strategic-solution-on-the-path-to-net-zero.html.

Naidu, Zach. 2018. “Vietnam Nuclear Power Suspension.” http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2018/ph241/naidu2/.

Nangoy, Fransiska. 2025. “US Withdrawal from Indonesia Coal Phase-down Plan to Have Limited Impact, Official Says.” Reuters, June 26.

NDC Transport Initiative for Asia. 2024. Vietnam’s Ministry of Transport Makes a Groundbreaking Move in Its Action Plan to Accelerate Energy Transition. https://www.ndctransportinitiativeforasia.org/news/-vietnam-mot-decision1679-transport-decarbonization.

News. 2023. “Vietnam’s forest coverage remains at 42.02%: agriculture ministry.” https://english.vtv.vn/news/vietnams-forest-coverage-remains-at-4202-agriculture-ministry-20230701171850271.htm.

NUCNET. 2025. “Vietnam To Hold Talks With Reactor Suppliers As Plans Move Ahead To Revive Nuclear Programme.” https://www.nucnet.org/news/vietnam-to-hold-talks-with-reactor-suppliers-as-plans-move-ahead-to-revive-nuclear-programme-2-5-2025.

Reccessary. 2025a. “U.S. Exit from JETP Threatens $3 Billion Green Financing for Indonesia, Vietnam | NEWS.” https://www.reccessary.com/en/news/us-pulls-back-from-climate-financing-commitment-in-jetp.

Reccessary. 2025b. “Vietnam Launches Emissions Trading Pilot amid Doubts over Effectiveness | NEWS.” https://www.reccessary.com/en/news/challenges-loom-as-vietnam-unveils-ets-pilot-for-heavy-emitters.

Reccessary. 2026. “Vietnam FiT Dispute: EVN Proposes 43% Tariff Cut.” https://www.reccessary.com/en/news/evn-proposes-deep-fit-cuts-13-billion-renewable-dispute.

Reuters. 2025a. “Over $13 Billion in Solar, Wind Investment at Risk in Vietnam, Industry Letter Says | Reuters.” https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/over-13-billion-solar-wind-investment-risk-vietnam-industry-letter-says-2025-03-10/.

Reuters. 2025b. “Vietnam Launches First Phase of Emissions Trading Scheme | Reuters.” https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/vietnam-launches-first-phase-emissions-trading-scheme-2025-06-11/.

Reuters. 2026a. “EV Maker VinFast’s Vietnam Deliveries Nearly Double in 2025.” January 6.

Reuters. 2026b. “Vietnam Allows Coal Miners to Raise Output to Meet Power Generation Demand.” June 10.

Reuters. 2026c. “Vietnam Considers Second LNG Term Contract after Deal with Shell, Document Shows.” https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/vietnam-considers-second-lng-term-contract-after-deal-with-shell-document-shows-2026-08-12/.

Reuters. 2026d. “Vietnam Looks at More Coal Power Plants as Iran War Complicates LNG Plans.” July 8.

Saigon Times. 2025. Emission Quotas to Be Allocated for Power, Cement Plants by Year-End. https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/emission-quotas-to-be-allocated-for-power-cement-plants-by-year-end/.

Sasges, Gerard, and Alan D. Ziegler. 2023. “We Have Eaten the Rivers: The Past, Present, and Unsustainable Future of Hydroelectricity in Vietnam.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 15(11):8969–8969. doi:10.3390/SU15118969/S1.

Singapore’s Carbon Markets Cooperation. 2026. “Singapore-Vietnam Implementation Agreement.” https://www.carbonmarkets-cooperation.gov.sg/our-art6-cooperation/vietnam/.

S&P Global. 2024. Vietnam Expedites Domestic Carbon Market Development to Tackle CBAM, Article 6. https://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/news-research/latest-news/energy-transition/052424-vietnam-expedites-domestic-carbon-market-development-to-tackle-cbam-article-6.

S&P Global. 2025. “Vietnam to Start Pilot Emission Trading in 2025, Allow Offsetting 30% Emissions.” https://www.spglobal.com/commodity-insights/en/news-research/latest-news/energy-transition/061125-vietnam-to-start-pilot-emission-trading-in-2025-allow-offsetting-30-emissions.

The Asset. 2025. “Vietnam Steps up Gas-Fired Power Projects.” https://www.theasset.com/article/53385/vietnam-steps-up-gas-fired-power-projects.

The Saigon Times. 2025. “Vietnam Secures over US$7 Billion for Clean Energy Projects under JETP.” https://english.thesaigontimes.vn/vietnam-secures-over-us7-billion-for-clean-energy-projects-under-jetp/.

theinvestor.vn. 2025. “Vietnam’s Nuclear Power Plant Can Operate in 2035 at Earliest: Ministry.” https://theinvestor.vn/vietnams-first-nuclear-power-plant-can-operate-in-2035-at-earliest-ministry-d14422.html.

thuvienphapluat.vn. 2025. “Resolution 70-NQ/TW 2025 Ensuring National Energy Security to 2030.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/EN/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Resolution-70-NQ-TW-2025-ensuring-national-energy-security-to-2030/695618/tieng-anh.aspx.

thuvienphapluat.vn. 2026a. “Decision 363/QD-BCT 2026 Adjusting the National Energy Master Plan 2021-2030.” https://files.thuvienphapluat.vn/uploads/FilePDFUpload/698101.pdf?vv=113100#toolbar=0.

thuvienphapluat.vn. 2026b. “Decree 112/2026/ND-CP International Transfer of Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation Outcomes Mới Nhất.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/EN/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Decree-112-2026-ND-CP-international-transfer-of-greenhouse-gas-emission-mitigation-outcomes/701500/tieng-anh.aspx.

thuvienphapluat.vn. 2026c. “Nghị Quyết 20-NQ/TW 2026 Hội Nghị Xây Dựng và Phát Triển Việt Nam Trở Thành Quốc Gia Biển Mạnh.” https://files.thuvienphapluat.vn/uploads/FilePDFUpload/717078.pdf?vv=112600#toolbar=0.

thuvienphapluat.vn. 2026d. “Quyết Định 363/QĐ-BCT Điều Chỉnh Quy Hoạch Tổng Thể về Năng Lượng Quốc Gia Thời Kỳ 2021-2030, Tầm Nhìn Đến Năm 2050.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/chinh-sach-phap-luat-moi/vn/ho-tro-phap-luat/chinh-sach-moi/107694/quyet-dinh-363-qd-bct-dieu-chinh-quy-hoach-tong-the-ve-nang-luong-quoc-gia-thoi-ky-2021-2030-tam-nhin-den-nam-2050.

thuvienphapluat.vn. 2026e. “Quyết Định 458/QĐ-TTg 2026 Cập Nhật Triển Khai Tuyên Bố Chính Trị Chuyển Đổi Năng Lượng Công Bằng.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Bo-may-hanh-chinh/Quyet-dinh-458-QD-TTg-2026-cap-nhat-trien-khai-tuyen-bo-chinh-tri-chuyen-doi-nang-luong-cong-bang-698518.aspx.

thuvienphapluat.vn. 2026f. “Thông Tư 61/2026/TT-BXD Quy Chuẩn Công Trình Dân Dụng Phần 3 Công Trình Sử Dụng Năng Lượng Hiệu Quả Mới Nhất.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Xay-dung-Do-thi/Thong-tu-61-2026-TT-BXD-Quy-chuan-Cong-trinh-dan-dung-Phan-3-Cong-trinh-su-dung-nang-luong-hieu-qua-717409.aspx.

Tuoi tre news. 2026. “Vietnam told to prepare for high-risk scenario as El Nino strengthens.” https://news.tuoitre.vn/vietnam-told-to-prepare-for-high-risk-scenario-as-el-nino-strengthens-103260819081637793.htm.

UNIDO. 2024. Preliminary Roadmap for Industrial Decarbonization – Vietnam. https://decarbonization.unido.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/vietnam-decarb-roadmap_january-2024.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

Viet Nam Circular Economy. 2025. National Action Plan on Circular Economy Approved. https://vietnamcirculareconomy.vn/policy-library/ke-hoach-hanh-dong-quoc-gia-ve-kinh-te-tuan-hoan-duoc-phe-duyet/.

Viet Nam Government. 2019. Viet Nam. National Communication (NC). NC 3. | UNFCCC. https://unfccc.int/documents/192805.

Viet Nam Government. 2022a. “687/QD-TTg in Vietnam, Decision 687/QD-TTg 2022 the Scheme for Circular Economy Development in Vietnam.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/EN/Thuong-mai/Decision-687-QD-TTg-2022-the-scheme-for-circular-economy-development-in-Vietnam/516871/tieng-anh.aspx.

Viet Nam Government. 2022b. “876/QD-TTg in Vietnam, Decision 876/QD-TTg 2022 Program for Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide from Transportation in Vietnam.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/EN/Giao-thong-Van-tai/Decision-876-QD-TTg-2022-program-for-mitigation-of-carbon-dioxide-from-transportation/523955/tieng-anh.aspx.

Viet Nam Government. 2022c. “896/QD-TTg in Vietnam, Decision 896/QD-TTg 2022 Approving the National Strategy for Climate Change until 2050 in Vietnam.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/EN/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Decision-896-QD-TTg-2022-approving-the-National-strategy-for-climate-change-until-2050/525126/tieng-anh.aspx.

Viet Nam Government. 2022d. “Decision No. 942/QD-TTg on Approving Action Plan for Methane Emissions Reduction by 2030.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/EN/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Decision-942-QD-TTg-2022-approving-action-plan-for-methane-emissions-reduction/526275/tieng-anh.aspx.

Viet Nam Government. 2022e. SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION (NDC) (UPDATED IN 2022). https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-11/Viet Nam_NDC_2022_Eng.pdf.

Viet Nam Government. 2023. “Decision to Approve the Master Plan on National Energy for the Period 2021-2030, Vision to 2050.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Quyet-dinh-893-QD-TTg-2023-Quy-hoach-tong-the-nang-luong-quoc-gia-2021-2030-tam-nhin-2050-573960.aspx.

Viet Nam Government. 2024. “Vietnam’s Additional Regulation on Temporary Use of Forests from March 6, 2024.” https://thuvienphapluat.vn/chinh-sach-phap-luat-moi/vn/thong-bao-van-ban-moi/email/61144/vietnam-s-additional-regulation-on-temporary-use-of-forests-from-march-6-2024.

Viet Nam Government. 2025a. Amendment to National Electricity Development Planing of 2021-2030 Period and Vision to 2050 (2025 PDP8). https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/EN/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Decision-768-QD-TTg-2025-approving-amendment-to-national-electricity-development/658055/tieng-anh.aspx.

Viet Nam Government. 2025b. “Decision 232/QD-TTg 2025 Project on the Establishment and Development of a Carbon Market in Vietnam.” https://english.luatvietnam.vn/tai-nguyen/decision-232-qd-ttg-2025-project-on-the-establishment-and-development-of-a-carbon-market-in-vietnam-387171-d1.html.

Viet Nam Government. 2026a. “DECREE ON DOMESTIC CARBON EXCHANGE.”

Viet Nam Government. 2026b. Degree No. 110/2026/ND-CP.

Viet Nam Government. 2026c. “E10 Biofuel: Not Meant to Impose or Restrict Consumer Choice.” Web Portal Ministry of Industry and Trade. https://moit.gov.vn/en/news/e10-biofuel-not-meant-to-impose-or-restrict-consumer-choice.html.

Viet Nam Government. 2026d. “Ha Noi Begins Restricting Fossil-Fuel Vehicles in Low-Emission Zones.” https://thanglong.chinhphu.vn/english/ha-noi-begins-restricting-fossil-fuel-vehicles-in-low-emission-zones-110260702082825273.htm.

Viet Nam Government. 2026e. “Ministry of Industry and Trade Drafts Decree to Implement Resolution 253 on Energy Development.” https://moit.gov.vn/en/news/ministry-of-industry-and-trade-drafts-decree-to-implement-resolution-253-on-energy-development.html.

Viet Nam Government. 2026f. “Pilot greenhouse gas emission quotas for 2025–2026 period approved.” https://en.baochinhphu.vn/pilot-greenhouse-gas-emission-quotas-for-20252026-period-approved-111260210153854027.htm.

Viet Nam Government. 2026g. “Promoting International Cooperation on Carbon Credit Trading.” https://en.mae.gov.vn/promoting-international-cooperation-on-carbon-credit-trading-9412.htm.

Viet Nam Government. 2026h. “Việt Nam - Singapore Triển Khai Thỏa Thuận Thực Hiện Trao Đổi Kết Quả Giảm Phát Thải.” https://dcc.mae.gov.vn:443/Pages/chi-tiet-tin-DCC.aspx?ItemID=4008.

Viet Nam Government News. 2025. “QUYẾT ĐỊNH 768/QĐ-TTG: THỦ TƯỚNG CHÍNH PHỦ PHÊ DUYỆT ĐIỀU CHỈNH QUY HOẠCH ĐIỆN VIII.” https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/quyet-dinh-768-qd-ttg-thu-tuong-chinh-phu-phe-duyet-dieu-chinh-quy-hoach-dien-viii-119250417074054718.htm.

Viet Nam Government News. 2026a. “Full RESOLUTION of 14th National Party Congress.” https://en.baochinhphu.vn/full-resolution-of-14th-national-party-congress-111260214171856653.htm.

Viet Nam Government News. 2026b. “New regulations on offshore wind power development.” https://en.baochinhphu.vn/new-regulations-on-offshore-wind-power-development-111260707105535575.htm.

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Vietnam Investment Review. 2026. “Bankability Remains Hurdle for Vietnam’s JETP Projects.” https://vir.com.vn/bankability-remains-hurdle-for-vietnams-jetp-projects-161808.html.

VietNamNet. 2023. “Vietnam Spends US$4.3 Billion on Importing Nearly 30 Million Tonnes of Coal.” https://vietnamnet.vn/en/vietnam-spends-us-4-3-billion-on-importing-nearly-30-million-tonnes-of-coal-2177743.html.

VietnamPlus. 2026. “Government urges rollout of EV charging infrastructure in apartment buildings.” https://en.vietnamplus.vn/government-urges-rollout-of-ev-charging-infrastructure-in-apartment-buildings-post340353.vnp.

Vn Economy. 2025a. Vietnam to Allocate Emissions Quotas to Top 150 Polluters. https://en.vneconomy.vn/vietnam-to-allocate-emissions-quotas-to-top-150-polluters.htm.

Vn Economy. 2025b. Vietnam’s Green Building Certifications Sharply Increase, Exceeding Targets. https://en.vneconomy.vn/vietnams-green-building-certifications-sharply-increase-exceeding-targets.htm.

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